Editing Kristiansand (section)

===1900 onward===
With the development of [[hydropower]] in southern Norway, the city gradually developed an industrial base, particularly with the establishment in 1910 of the nickel refinery Kristiansands Nikkelraffineringsverk AS (later Falconbridge Nikkelverk,<ref name="archibald62">{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/BF03378184}}</ref> now Glencore Nikkelverk). From an economic perspective, the [[First World War]] was a good time for Kristiansand, as a neutral shipping city. The crises that followed with the [[gold standard]] politics of the 1920s and the [[Great Depression|world economic crisis]] of the 1930s were also deeply felt in a trading city like Kristiansand.

On 1 July 1921, the city of Kristiansand got larger by annexing a part of the neighboring municipality of [[Oddernes (municipality)|Oddernes]], gaining 2,164 more residents along with more land for the growing city.<ref name="Dag" />

The labour movement had important pioneers in the city, and [[Leon Trotsky]] spent about a year of his exile in the archipelago offshore from Kristiansand. [[Arnulf Øverland]] took him from [[Randesund]] to [[Ny-Hellesund]] in [[Søgne]] in 1936.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Langfeldt |first=Jan G. |title=Langfeldt-slektens og Ny-Hellesunds historie |year=2004 |isbn=82-994591-2-5 |page=80 |publisher=J.G. Langfeldt |language=no}}</ref> In the interwar period Kristiansand was a centre for intellectuals, especially after the architect Thilo Schoder settled there in 1932.

Kristiansand was attacked by [[Kriegsmarine|German naval forces]] and the [[Luftwaffe]] during the [[Operation Weserübung]] on 9 April 1940. The naval forces met fierce resistance from Norwegian [[coastal artillery]] at [[Odderøya]]. Bombs and grenades also hit the downtown and the 70 meter high church tower of the [[Kristiansand Cathedral]] was hit by accident. The third attack attempt on the city succeeded because a signal flag was confused with a French national flag and the misunderstanding was not discovered until it was too late. The city was occupied by a force of 800 men.

During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the [[Schei Committee]]. On 1 January 1965, the city of Kristiansand (population: 27,100) was merged with the neighboring municipalities of [[Randesund (municipality)|Randesund]] (population: 1,672), [[Tveit (municipality)|Tveit]] (population: 2,802), and [[Oddernes (municipality)|Oddernes]] (population: 18,668) to create a much larger Kristiansand Municipality.<ref name="Dag" />

Post-war construction included further development of the Lund section, and in the 1960s and 1970s [[Vågsbygd]] to the west was developed into a section with 20,000 inhabitants. In the 1980s, industry and business in the city declined, in part because of the [[Hotel Caledonien fire|1986 fire at the Hotel Caledonien]]. But beginning in the second half of the 1990s, business increased in momentum with the development of enterprises for marine and offshore equipment, security technology and drilling.

The older municipal archives for Kristiansand (and the former municipalities) are currently held at the Inter-Municipal Archives in Vest-Agder (IKAVA). This includes documents concerning, for example, local councils, chairmanships, poor boards, school boards and archives including among other things personal documents in the form of client records, tax records, and also school records.

On 1 January 2020, the three neighbouring municipalities of Kristiansand, [[Songdalen]], and [[Søgne]] were merged to form one large municipality called ''Kristiansand''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nye Kristiansand |url=https://www.kristiansand.kommune.no/nye-kristiansand/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901160910/https://www.kristiansand.kommune.no/nye-kristiansand/ |archive-date=1 September 2019 |access-date=2017-11-05 |publisher=Kristiansand kommune |language=no}}</ref>