Editing Kołobrzeg (section)

=== From the late Middle Ages to the Thirty Years' War ===
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During the [[Ostsiedlung]], a settlement was founded by German settlers some kilometres off the site of the Slavic/Lechitic one.<ref name="Buchholz p.75">Werner Buchholz, ''Pommern'', Siedler, 1999, p.75, {{ISBN|3-88680-272-8}}</ref><ref name=Brather156/><ref>Torsten Kempke in Ole Harck, Christian Lübke, ''Zwischen Reric und Bornhöved: die Beziehungen zwischen den Dänen und ihren slawischen Nachbarn vom 9. bis ins 13. Jahrhundert : Beiträge einer internationalen Konferenz'', Leipzig, 4.-6. Dezember 1997, Franz Steiner Verlag, 2001, p.16, {{ISBN|3-515-07671-9}}</ref> It was located within the boundaries of today's downtown of Kołobrzeg and some of the inhabitants of the Polish town moved to the new settlement.<ref name="Epoki"/> On 23 May 1255 it was chartered under [[Lübeck law]] by Duke [[Wartislaw III, Duke of Pomerania|Wartislaw III]] of [[Duchy of Pomerania|Pomerania]],<ref>Copy of the charter (in Latin), printed in Heinrich Gottfried Philipp Gengler, Codex juris Municipalis Germaniae Medii Aevi: Regesten und Urkunden zur Verfassungs- und Rechtsgeschichte der deutschen Städte im Mittelalter, F. Enke, 1863, p.609, [https://books.google.com/books?id=NdkcAAAAMAAJ&dq=Colberg+Regesten&pg=PA609 free view] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130052053/https://books.google.de/books?id=NdkcAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA609&dq=Colberg+Regesten |date=30 November 2022 }}</ref><ref name=Koebler341A>Gerhard Köbler, ''Historisches Lexikon der Deutschen Länder: die deutschen Territorien vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart'', 7th edition, C.H.Beck, 2007, p.341, {{ISBN|3-406-54986-1}}:"1255 erhielt die deutsche Siedlung nördlich der slawischen Siedlung Stadtrect von Lübeck."</ref> and more settlers arrived, attracted by the duke.<ref name=Brather156>Sebastian Brather, ''Archäologie der westlichen Slawen: Siedlung, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft im früh- und hochmittelalterlichen Ostmitteleuropa'', Walter de Gruyter, 2001, p.156, {{ISBN|3-11-017061-2}}</ref> [[Hermann von Gleichen]], German bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Kammin|Kammin]] also supported the German colonisation of the region.<ref name="Epoki"/> The settlers received several privileges such as exemption from certain taxes and several benefits, making it difficult for the indigenous Pomeranian population to compete with Germans.<ref name="Epoki"/>

Henceforth, the nearby former stronghold was turned into a village and renamed "Old Town" ({{langx|la|antiqua civitatae Colbergensis}}, {{langx|de|link=no|Altstadt}}, {{langx|pl|Stare Miasto}}), first documented in 1277 and used until 1945 when it was renamed "[[Budzistowo]]".<ref name=Schich/><ref name=Mueller/> A new St. Mary's church was built within the new town before the 1260s,<ref>Jörg Jarnut, Peter Johanek, ''Die Frühgeschichte der europäischen Stadt im 11. Jahrhundert'', Köln-Weimar-Wien 1998, pp.273–305, republished in Winfried Schich, Ralf Gebuhr, Peter Neumeister, ''Wirtschaft und Kulturlandschaft – Siedlung und Wirtschaft im Bereich der [[Germania Slavica]]'', BWV Verlag, 2007, p.280, {{ISBN|3-8305-0378-4}}</ref> while St. Mary's in the former Pomeranian stronghold was turned into a nuns' abbey.<ref name=Schich/> In 1277 St. Benedict's monastery for nuns was founded, which in the framework of the Pomeranian [[Reformation]] in 1545 was then changed into an educational institution for noble Protestant ladies.<ref>Franz Manthey: ''Polnische Kirchengeschichte''. Hildesheim 1965, p. 31.</ref>

[[File:Kolobrzeg Lontowa Tower E 2011-04.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Fuse Tower, last remnant of the medieval fortification]]

Already in 1248, the [[Bishopric of Kammin|Kammin]] bishops and the [[Duchy of Pomerania|Pomeranian]] dukes had interchanged the ''terrae'' [[Burg Stargard|Stargard]] and Kolberg, leaving the bishops in charge of the latter.<ref name=Koebler/> When in 1276 they became the souvereign of the town also, they moved their residence there, while the administration of the diocese was done from nearby Köslin ([[Koszalin]]).<ref name=Koebler>Gerhard Köbler, ''Historisches Lexikon der Deutschen Länder: die deutschen Territorien vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart'', 7th edition, C.H.Beck, 2007, p.113, {{ISBN|3-406-54986-1}}</ref> In 1345, the bishops became [[Imperial immediacy|Imperial immediate]] dukes in their secular reign.<ref name=Koebler/>

In 1361, the city joined the [[Hanseatic League]]. In 1446 it fought a battle against the nearby rival city of [[Koszalin]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://muzeum.koszalin.pl/?q=node/1699 |title=Kalendarium 750 lat Koszalina, Muzeum w Koszalinie |access-date=21 March 2020 |language=pl}}</ref>

When the property of the [[Bishopric of Kammin]] was secularized during the [[Protestant Reformation]] in 1534, their secular reign including the Kolberg area became intermediately ruled by a Lutheran titular bishop, before it was turned into a ''Sekundogenitur'' of the [[House of Pomerania]].<ref name=Koebler/>

In the 15th century the city traded with [[Scotland]], Amsterdam and [[Scandinavia]].<ref name="Epoki"/> Beer, salt, [[honey]], [[wool]] and flour were exported, while merchants imported textiles from England, southern fruits, and [[cod liver oil]]. In the 16th century, the city reached 5,000 inhabitants.<ref name="Epoki"/> The indigenous Slavs in the city were discriminated, and their rights in trade and crafts were limited, with bans on performing certain types of professions and taking certain positions in the city,<ref name="Epoki"/>{{Citation needed|date=June 2022|reason=Not a good source for such a statement}} for instance in 1564 it was forbidden to admit native Slavs to the [[blacksmith]]s' guild.<ref>Tadeusz Gasztold, Hieronim Kroczyński, Hieronim Rybicki, Kołobrzeg: zarys dziejów, Wydaw. Poznańskie, 1979, {{ISBN|83-210-0072-X}}, p.27 (in Polish)</ref>

During the [[Thirty Years' War]], Kolberg was [[Capitulation of Franzburg|occupied by imperial forces]] from 1627 to 1630,<ref>{{cite book |title=Gemeinsame Bekannte: Schweden und Deutschland in der Frühen Neuzeit|editor1-first=Ivo|editor1-last=Asmus|editor2-first=Heiko|editor2-last=Droste|editor3-first=Jens E.|editor3-last=Olesen |first=Herbert |last=Langer |chapter=Die Anfänge des Garnisionswesens in Pommern |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nI9dItT816kC&pg=PA397 |publisher=LIT Verlag |location=Berlin-Hamburg-Münster |year=2003 |isbn=3-8258-7150-9 |language=de |page=403}}</ref> and [[Treaty of Stettin (1630)|thereafter by Swedish forces]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Gemeinsame Bekannte: Schweden und Deutschland in der Frühen Neuzeit|editor1-first=Ivo|editor1-last=Asmus|editor2-first=Heiko|editor2-last=Droste|editor3-first=Jens E.|editor3-last=Olesen |first=Herbert |last=Langer |chapter=Die Anfänge des Garnisionswesens in Pommern |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nI9dItT816kC&pg=PA397 |publisher=LIT Verlag |location=Berlin-Hamburg-Münster |year=2003 |isbn=3-8258-7150-9 |language=de |page=397}}</ref>