Editing Kingman Reef (section)

==National Wildlife Refuge==
[[File:Reef2321 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library.jpg|thumb|upright|NOAA scuba diver studying the reefs in 2008]]
[[File:A school of manini at Kingman Reef NWR (12197790793).jpg|thumb|School of [[Acanthurus triostegus|Manini fish]] at Kingman reef]]
On September 1, 2000, the Navy relinquished its control over Kingman Reef to the [[U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service]]. On January 18, 2001, Secretary of the Interior [[Bruce Babbitt]] created the Kingman Reef National Wildlife Refuge during his final days in office with Secretary's Order 3223. It is composed of the emergent coral rubble spits and all waters out to {{convert|12|nmi|km}}. While there are only {{convert|3|acre|km2}} of land, {{convert|483754|acre|km2}} of water area is included in the Refuge.<ref>{{cite web | last = White | first = Susan | title = Welcome to Kingman Reef National Wildlife Refuge | publisher = U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service | date = March 30, 2011 | url = http://www.fws.gov/kingmanreef/ | access-date = March 4, 2012 | archive-date = July 25, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130725053054/http://www.fws.gov/kingmanreef/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> Along with six other islands, the reef was administered as part of the Pacific Remote Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex. In January 2009, that entity was upgraded to the [[Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument]] by President [[George W. Bush]].<ref>{{cite web  | last = Bush | first = George W. | author-link = George W. Bush | title = Establishment of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument: A Proclamation by the President of the United States of America | publisher = [[White House]] | date = January 6, 2009 | url = https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2009/01/20090106-6.html | access-date = March 4, 2012}}</ref> In 2025, this was renamed ''Pacific Islands Heritage Marine National Monument''.