Editing Julian calendar (section)

=== Adoption of the Julian calendar ===
{{more citations needed section|date=December 2013}}
Caesar's reform only applied to the [[Roman calendar]]. However, in the following decades many of the local civic and provincial calendars of the empire and neighbouring client kingdoms were aligned to the Julian calendar by transforming them into calendars with years of 365 days with an extra day [[intercalation (timekeeping)|intercalated]] every four years.<ref>This section is based on S. Stern, ''Calendars in Antiquity'' (OUP 2012) pp. 259–297.</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tiMZAI4oS-MC|title=Calendars in Antiquity: Empires, States, and Societies|last=Stern|first=Sacha|date=2012|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-958944-9|pages=259–297|language=en}}</ref> The reformed calendars typically retained many features of the unreformed calendars. In many cases, the New Year was not on 1 January, the leap day was not on the [[bissextus|traditional bissextile day]], the old month names were retained, the lengths of the reformed months did not match the lengths of Julian months, and, even if they did, their first days did not match the first day of the corresponding Julian month. Nevertheless, since the reformed calendars had fixed relationships to each other and to the Julian calendar, the process of converting dates between them became quite straightforward, through the use of conversion tables known as "hemerologia".<ref>Studied in detail in W. Kubitschek, ''Die Kalendarbücher von Florenz, Rom und Leyden'' (Vienna, 1915).</ref>

The three most important of these calendars are the [[Coptic calendar|Alexandrian calendar]] and the [[Ancient Macedonian calendar]]─which had two forms: the Syro-Macedonian and the [[Roman Asia|'Asian']] calendars. Other reformed calendars are known from [[Cappadocia]], [[Cyprus]] and the cities of (Roman) Syria and Palestine. Unreformed calendars continued to be used in [[Gaul]] (the [[Coligny calendar]]), Greece, Macedon, the Balkans and parts of Palestine, most notably in Judea.

The Asian calendar was an adaptation of the [[Ancient Macedonian calendar]] used in the [[Asia (Roman province)|Roman province of Asia]] and, with minor variations, in nearby cities and provinces. It is known in detail through the survival of decrees promulgating it issued in 8{{nbsp}}BC by the proconsul [[Paullus Fabius Maximus]]. It renamed the first month Dios as {{lang|la|Kaisar}}, and arranged the months such that each month started on the ninth day before the kalends of the corresponding Roman month; thus the year began on 23 September, Augustus's birthday.