Editing Julia Kristeva (section)

==Feminism==
Kristeva has been regarded as a key proponent of [[French feminism]] together with [[Simone de Beauvoir]], [[Hélène Cixous]], and [[Luce Irigaray]].<ref>Vanda Zajko and [[Miriam Leonard]] (eds.), ''Laughing with Medusa''. Oxford University Press, 2006. {{ISBN|0-19-927438-X}}</ref><ref>[[Griselda Pollock]], ''Inscriptions in the feminine''. In: ''Inside the Visible'' edited by [[Catherine de Zegher]]. MIT Press, 1996.</ref> Kristeva has had a remarkable influence on feminism and feminist literary studies<ref>''Parallax, n. 8'', [Vol. 4(3)], 1998.</ref><ref>Humm, Maggie, ''Modernist Women and Visual Cultures''. Rutgers University Press, 2003. {{ISBN|0-8135-3266-3}}</ref> in the US and the UK, as well as on readings into contemporary art<ref>[[Griselda Pollock]], ''Encounters in the Virtual Feminist Museum''. Routledge, 2007.</ref><ref>[[Maggie Humm|Humm, Maggie]], ''Feminism and Film''. Indiana University press, 1997. {{ISBN|0-253-33334-2}}</ref> although her relation to feminist circles and movements in France has been quite controversial. Kristeva made a famous disambiguation of three types of feminism in "Women's Time" in ''New Maladies of the Soul'' (1993); while rejecting the first two types, including that of Beauvoir, her stands are sometimes considered as rejecting feminism altogether. Kristeva proposed the idea of multiple sexual identities against the joined code {{clarify|date=April 2012}} of "unified feminine language".

===Denunciation of identity politics===
Kristeva argues that her writings have been misunderstood by American feminist academics in the [[identity politics]] tradition. In Kristeva's view, it was not enough simply to dissect the structure of language in order to find its hidden meaning. Language should also be viewed through the prisms of history and of individual psychic and sexual experiences. This [[Post-structuralism|post-structuralist]] approach enabled specific social groups to trace the source of their oppression to the very language they used. However, Kristeva believes that it is harmful to posit collective identity above individual identity, and that this political assertion of sexual, ethnic, and religious identities is ultimately [[Totalitarianism|totalitarian]].<ref>Riding, Alan, [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/14/arts/correcting-her-idea-of-politically-correct.html?pagewanted=all Correcting Her Idea of Politically Correct] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502091532/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/14/arts/correcting-her-idea-of-politically-correct.html?pagewanted=all |date=2017-05-02 }}. ''New York Times''. June 14, 2001</ref>