Editing Judit Polgár (section)

====Kasparov touch-move controversy====
{{Chess diagram small
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|Polgár vs. Kasparov, Linares 1994
|  |  |  |  |rd|  |kd| 
|  |bl|  |nd|  |pd|pd| 
|  |pd|  |ql|  |nd|  |pd
|  |  |  |  |pd|pl|  | 
|qd|  |  |  |  |  |  | 
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
|  |pl|rd|nl|  |  |pl|pl
|  |  |  |rl|rl|  |  |kl
|The position before the move in question. Allegedly, Kasparov played 36...Nc5{{chesspunc|?}}, which loses [[The exchange (chess)|the exchange]] to 37.Bc6, quickly realised his error, and substituted 36...Nf8.
}}
{{AN chess|pos=egright}}
At [[Linares International Chess Tournament|Linares]] 1994, Polgár lost a controversial game to the [[World Chess Championship|World Champion]] [[Garry Kasparov]]. The tournament marked the first time the 17-year-old Polgár was invited to compete with the world's strongest players. After four games she had two points.<ref name="Globe_Mar19_94">{{cite news | newspaper=The Globe and Mail | location=Toronto | last=Berry | first=Jonathan | title=Victory boosts Karpov's rating | date=19 March 1994 | page=A18 }}</ref> During her game with Kasparov in the fifth round, Kasparov gradually outplayed her and had a clear advantage after 35 moves.<ref name="Geuzendam">{{cite book|title=Linares! Linares!: A Journey into the Heart of Chess|last=[[Dirk Jan ten Geuzendam|ten Geuzendam]]|first=Dirk Jan|year=2001|publisher=[[New In Chess]]|isbn=978-9056910778|pages=72–80}}</ref> On his 36th move, the  World Champion reportedly changed his mind about the move of a knight, and moved the piece to a different square.<ref>{{cite news | last=Peters | first=Jack | date=5 January 1995 | title=Chess Highlights of 1994 | newspaper=[[The Los Angeles Times]] | format=print and online column | page=27 | url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-01-01-mn-15295-story.html | access-date=28 April 2016 | quote=What made 1994 a memorable year for chess? Certainly it had its share of controversial incidents, led by the touch-move dispute in which Garry Kasparov took back a move against Judit Polgar. | archive-date=11 September 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090911095551/http://articles.latimes.com/1995-01-01/news/mn-15295_1_chess-tournament-club | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Berry |first=Jonathan Berry |author-link=Jonathan Berry |date=19 March 1994 |title=Victory boosts Karpov's rating |page=A18 |newspaper=The Globe and Mail |location=Toronto |format=print column |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/385234867 |access-date=5 September 2022 |id={{ProQuest|385234867}} |quote=Mr. Kasparov picked up his knight at d7 and placed it on c5. 'Touch move' requires a player to move a touched piece, but the move is not over until the hand leaves the piece. Seeing that 37.Bb7–c6 would be bad for Black, Mr. Kasparov instead put the knight on f8. However, the way Miss Polgár saw it, Mr. Kasparov's hand did leave the piece on c5. Accounts diverge from there. We do know that Spanish TV recorded the game and that there were several spectators, some of whom thought that Mr. Kasparov removed his hand from the knight at c5. |via=[[ProQuest]] |archive-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426154719/https://www.proquest.com/docview/385234867 |url-status=live }}</ref> According to [[rules of chess#Act of moving the pieces|chess rules]], once a player has released a piece, the move must stand, so if Kasparov did remove his hand, he should have been required to play his original move. Polgár did not challenge Kasparov in the moment, because, she stated, "I was playing the World Champion and didn't want to cause unpleasantness during my first invitation to such an important event. I was also afraid that if my complaint was overruled I would be penalized on the clock when we were in time pressure." She did, however, look questioningly at the [[International Arbiter|arbiter]], Carlos Falcon, who witnessed the incident and took no action.<ref name="Geuzendam" />

The incident was caught on tape by a crew from the Spanish television company PVS, and the videotape showed that Kasparov's fingers had left the knight.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/SwsYWmjUP-k Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20200628203348/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SwsYWmjUP-k&t=1131s Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SwsYWmjUP-k| title = Linares Chess Tournament,part 2. | website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="LymanMay94"/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Barden|first1=Leonard|date=19 March 1994|title=CHESS|pages=WEEKEND FT XXI|publisher=Financial Times, UK|url=https://archive.org/stream/FinancialTimes1994UKEnglish/Mar%2019%201994%2C%20Financial%20Times%2C%20%2319%2C%20UK%20%28en%29#page/n43/mode/2up|access-date=24 June 2020|quote=Video film stills confirmed that Kasparov's hand had quit the knight for about a quarter of a second.}}</ref> [[International Arbiter|Tournament director]] Carlos Falcon did not forfeit Kasparov when this evidence was made available to him.<ref name="Berry_GM_Mar261994">{{cite news | newspaper=Globe and Mail | location=Toronto | last=Berry | first=Jonathan | title=Kasparov caught on videotape | date=26 March 1994 | page=E7 | quote = During round 5 of the Linares tournament (March 1), World Champion Gary Kasparov started to move his knight from d7 to c5, but reconsidered and played the knight to f8.}}</ref> As U.S. chess journalist Shelby Lyman pointed out, in the majority of sports "instant replays" do not overrule a referee's original decision and chess is no exception.<ref name="LymanMay94">Lyman, Shelby (1 May 1994). [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1876&dat=19940501&id=FDofAAAAIBAJ&sjid=L88EAAAAIBAJ&pg=6762,158965&hl=en "Kasparov's Hand Quicker Than Eye"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225105408/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1876&dat=19940501&id=FDofAAAAIBAJ&sjid=L88EAAAAIBAJ&pg=6762,158965&hl=en |date=25 February 2017 }}, ''[[Spartanburg Herald-Journal]]''.</ref> At the time the video had not been publicly released, at the request of tournament sponsor Luis Rentero,<ref name="Geuzendam" /> but it is now available [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aw4g3iDrsNk on Youtube] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619175624/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aw4g3iDrsNk |date=19 June 2022 }}. At one point Polgár reportedly confronted Kasparov in the hotel bar, asking him, "How could you do this to me?"<ref name="GardianBarden_2002"/> Following this incident, Kasparov bluntly told an interviewer "... she just publicly said I was cheating. ... I think a girl of her age should be taught some good manners before making such statements."<ref>Kasparov Interview, [[New In Chess]], March 1994, reprinted in '{{cite book|title=Finding Bobby Fischer: Chess Interviews|last=[[Dirk Jan ten Geuzendam|ten Geuzendam]]|first=Dirk Jan|year=1994|publisher=[[New In Chess]]|isbn=978-9071689864|pages=72–80}}' and '{{cite book|title=Finding Bobby Fischer: Chess Interviews|last=[[Dirk Jan ten Geuzendam|ten Geuzendam]]|first=Dirk Jan|year=2015|publisher=[[New In Chess]]|isbn=978-9056915728|pages=72–80}}'</ref> Subsequently, Kasparov refused to speak to her for three years.<ref name="Geuzendam" /> Kasparov told reporters that his conscience was clear, as he was not aware of his hand leaving the piece.<ref>{{cite news | newspaper=Deseret News | date=27 May 1994 | last=Lundstrom | first=Harold | title=Kasparov comes out on top in tourne  | page=C6 | location=Salt Lake City, Utah }}</ref> Although Polgár recovered by the end of the tournament, she went into a slump over the next six rounds, gaining only half a point.<ref name="Globe_Mar19_94"/> The incident may also have had an effect on Kasparov, who turned out a subpar performance in the tournament.<ref name="LymanMay94" />