Editing Journalist (section)

== Safety ==
{{Main|Safety of journalists}}

[[File:Funeral of Palestinian journalist Shireen Abu Akleh 4.png|thumb|Funeral for Palestinian journalist [[Shireen Abu Aqleh]] after her death]]
Journalists can face violence and intimidation for exercising their [[fundamental right]] to [[freedom of expression]]. The range of threats they are confronted with include murder, [[kidnapping]], hostage-taking, offline and online harassment, [[intimidation]], enforced disappearances, arbitrary detention and torture. [[Women in journalism]] also face specific dangers and are especially vulnerable to sexual assault, whether in the form of a targeted sexual violation, often in reprisal for their work. Mob-related sexual violence aimed against journalists covering public events; or the sexual abuse of journalists in detention or captivity. Many of these crimes are not reported as a result of powerful cultural and professional stigmas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UN PLAN OF ACTION ON THE SAFETY OF JOURNALISTS AND THE ISSUE OF IMPUNITY |url=https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/un-plan-on-safety-journalists_en.pdf |access-date=24 July 2023 |website=UNESCO}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite book |url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0026/002610/261065e.pdf |title=World Trends Report in Freedom of Expression and Media Development Global Report 2017/2018 |publisher=UNESCO |year=2018}}</ref>

Increasingly, journalists (particularly women) are abused and harassed online, via [[hate speech]], [[cyber-bullying]], [[cyber-stalking]], doxing, trolling, [[public shaming]], intimidation and threats.<ref name=":02" />

=== Most dangerous year ===
[[File:Jamal_Khashoggi_in_March_2018_(cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Jamal Khashoggi]], killed inside Saudi Arabia's consulate in [[Istanbul]] on 2 October 2018]]
According to [[Reporters Without Borders]]' 2018 annual report, it was the worst year on record for deadly violence and abuse toward journalists; there was a 15 percent increase in such killings since 2017, with 80 killed, 348 imprisoned and 60 held hostage.<ref>{{cite news |last=Langford |first=Eleanor |title=2018 was worst year for violence and abuse against journalists, report says |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/12/17/2018-worst-year-violence-abuse-against-journalists-report-says/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/12/17/2018-worst-year-violence-abuse-against-journalists-report-says/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=7 January 2019 |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|location=London |date=17 December 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=WORLDWIDE ROUND-UP of journalists killed, detained, held hostage, or missing in 2018 |url=https://rsf.org/sites/default/files/worldwilde_round-up.pdf |access-date=7 January 2019 |work=[[Reporters Without Borders]] |date=1 December 2018}}</ref>

[[Yaser Murtaja]] was shot by an Israeli army sniper. Rubén Pat was gunned down outside a beach bar in Mexico. Mexico was described by Reporters Without Borders as "one of world's deadliest countries for the media"; 90% of attacks on journalists in the country reportedly go unsolved.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-08-23|title=Miroslava Breach murder: Mexico jails man who ordered journalist's death|language=en-GB|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-53880211|access-date=2020-12-01}}</ref> Bulgarian [[Victoria Marinova]] was beaten, raped and strangled. Saudi Arabian dissident [[Jamal Khashoggi]] was killed inside Saudi Arabia's consulate in Istanbul.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hjelmgaard |first=Kim |title='Unscrupulous politicians' blamed for worst year on record for journalist killings |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2018/12/18/more-journalists-killed-2018-than-any-other-year-record-driven-unscrupulous-politicians/2346797002/ |access-date=7 January 2019 |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |publisher=[[Gannett]] |date=18 December 2018}}</ref>

=== Commemoration ===
From 2008 to 2019, [[Freedom Forum]]'s now-defunct [[Newseum]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] featured a Journalists Memorial which honored several thousand journalists around the world who had died or were killed while reporting the news.<ref name="Roberts_Page_167">{{cite book |last1=Roberts |first1=Jessica |last2=Maksl |first2=Adam |title=Attacks on the American Press: A Documentary and Reference Guide |date=2021 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=Santa Barbara |isbn=9781440872570 |page=167 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qZU2EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA167 |access-date=August 5, 2023}}  This source is an annotated [[source book]] intended for use in introductory journalism courses.</ref> After the Newseum closed in December 2019, supporters of freedom of the press persuaded the [[United States Congress]] in December 2020 to authorize the construction of a memorial to fallen journalists on public land with private funds.<ref name="Roberts_Page_167" />  By May 2023, the [[Fallen Journalists Memorial Foundation]] had begun the design of the memorial.<ref name="Mullins">{{cite news |last1=Mullins |first1=Luke |title=A Memorial to Fallen Journalists Is One Step Closer to Happening on the National Mall |url=https://www.washingtonian.com/2023/05/04/a-memorial-to-fallen-journalists-is-one-step-closer-to-happening-on-the-national-mall/ |access-date=August 5, 2023 |work=Washingtonian |date=May 4, 2023}}</ref>