Editing Jean-Andoche Junot (section)

==Invasion of Portugal==
{{main article|Invasion of Portugal (1807)}}
Junot's major command came on 29 July 1807, when Napoleon appointed him commander-in-chief of the "{{ill|Gironde Observation Corps|fr|Corps d'observation de la Gironde}}"  (''Corps d'observation de la [[Gironde]]''),{{efn|Renamed the "Army of Portugal" (''Armée de Portugal'') on 23 December 1807.<ref>{{cite book|first=Alain|last=Pigeard|title=Dictionnaire de la Grande Armée|publisher=Tallandier|year=2002|isbn=2-84734-009-2}}</ref>}} which was destined for an invasion of Portugal.<ref name=RM>{{cite journal|journal=[[Revista Militar]]|url=https://www.revistamilitar.pt/artigo/350|title=A Invasão de Junot e o Levantamento em Armas dos Camponeses de Portugal. A Especificidade Transmontana|last=Pires Lousada|first=Abílio|date=November 2008|volume=2482}}</ref> The army assembled in [[Bayonne]] over the next two months, and was later reinforced with a Spanish contingent under the terms of the [[Treaty of Fontainebleau (October 1807)|Treaty of Fontainebleau]] (27 October 1807).<ref name=RM/> Departing on 17 October at the head of about 26,500 soldiers, Junot led his troops on an arduous march through Spain, finally crossing into Portugal at [[Idanha-a-Nova|Segura]] on 19 November.<ref name=RM/>

Facing little to no resistance, Junot's army advanced towards [[Lisbon]], seizing [[Castelo Branco, Portugal|Castelo Branco]] on 20 November and [[Abrantes]] two days later. On 24 November, he was informed that the country's regent, Prince João (the future King [[João VI]]) was preparing to [[Transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil|flee to Brazil]] along with his mother, Queen [[Maria I]], and the court.<ref name=RM/> Junot entered Lisbon without a fight on 30 November, three days after the royal family's departure.<ref name=RM/>

[[File:Sequeira junot1.jpg|thumb|260px|''Junot protecting the city of Lisbon'', allegory by [[Domingos Sequeira]] (1808)]]
[[File:Heraldic achievement of Jean-Andoche Junot, Duke of Abrantès.jpg|thumb|Heraldic crest of Junot as Duke of Abrantès]]
French and Spanish troops soon occupied the rest of Portugal.<ref name=RM/> For his success, Junot was granted the [[victory title]] of [[Duke of Abrantès|Duke of Abrantes]] (''Duc d'Abrantès'') by Napoleon, though he was not made a [[Marshal of the Empire]] as he expected.<ref name=RM/> He set up his headquarters at the Quintela Palace in Lisbon, as the head of the military administration in Portugal.<ref name=RM/> From late December 1807 to March 1808, Junot enacted far-reaching measures, such as the disbandment of the [[Portuguese Army]] (with around 9,000 soldiers joining the ''[[Grande Armée]]'''s [[Portuguese Legion (Napoleonic Wars)|Portuguese Legion]]) and local [[militias]], the proclamation of the dethronement of the [[House of Braganza]], and the confiscation of royal assets.<ref name=RM/>

In January 1808, initial incidents of Portuguese resistance to the occupation occurred.<ref name=RM/> Additionally, after the [[Dos de Mayo Uprising]] in [[Madrid]], all Spanish troops withdrew from Portugal, and by June, popular revolts had spread throughout the country.<ref name=RM/> On 1 August 1808, a British expeditionary force landed at the mouth of the [[Mondego River|Mondego]] river.<ref name=RM/> After a French defeat at [[Battle of Roliça|Roliça]], Junot himself was beaten at the [[Battle of Vimeiro]] on 21 August 1808, and he was cut off from France.<ref name=RM/>

Only the signing of the advantageous [[Convention of Sintra|Convention of Cintra]] with the British allowed him to avoid capture, taking with him "the weapons and baggages" and the loot the army had managed to gather—an expression that later became famous in Portuguese usage. He went back to France in October. The terms of the Convention caused widespread outrage in Britain.