Editing Jakarta (section)

===Independence===
[[File:Indonesia declaration of independence 17 August 1945.jpg|thumb|[[Sukarno]] reading the [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence]] at Jalan Pegangsaan Timur Number 56, Menteng]]
After [[World War II]] ended, Indonesian nationalists declared independence on 17 August 1945,{{sfn|Waworoentoe|2013}} and the government of Jakarta City was changed into the Jakarta National Administration in the following month. During the [[Indonesian National Revolution]], Indonesian republicans withdrew from [[Allies of World War II|Allied]]-occupied Jakarta and established their capital in [[Yogyakarta]].

After securing full independence, Jakarta again became the national capital in 1950.{{sfn|Witton|2003|pp=138–39}} With Jakarta selected to host the [[1962 Asian Games]], [[Sukarno]], envisaging Jakarta as a great international city, instigated large government-funded projects with openly nationalistic and [[modernist architecture]].<ref>{{harvnb|Kusno|2000|p=56}}; {{harvnb|Schoppert|Damais|1997|p=105?}}</ref> Projects included [[Semanggi Interchange|a cloverleaf interchange]], a major boulevard ([[Jalan MH Thamrin (Jakarta)|Jalan MH Thamrin]]-Sudirman), monuments such as [[Monas|The National Monument]], [[Hotel Indonesia]], a shopping centre, and a new building intended to be the headquarters of [[CONEFO]]. In October 1965, Jakarta was the site of [[30 September Movement|an abortive coup]] attempt in which six top generals were killed, precipitating [[Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66|a violent anti-communist purge]] which killed at least 500,000 people, including some ethnic Chinese.<ref>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/analysis/51981.stm Why ethnic Chinese are afraid] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824095624/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/analysis/51981.stm |date=24 August 2017}}". [[BBC News]]. 12 February 1998.</ref> The event marked [[Transition to the New Order|the beginning of Suharto's New Order]]. The first government was led by a mayor until the end of 1960 when the office was changed to that of a governor. The last mayor of Jakarta was [[Soediro]] until he was replaced by [[Soemarno Sosroatmodjo]] as governor.

[[File:MonasConstruction2.jpg|thumb|170px|One of the largest projects launched by Sukarno was the demolition of government buildings in [[Merdeka Square, Jakarta|Merdeka Square]] to make way for the [[National Monument (Indonesia)|National Monument]].]]
In 1966, Jakarta was declared a 'special capital region' ({{lang|id|Daerah Khusus Ibukota}}), with a status equivalent to that of a province separated from [[West Java]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Jakarta |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online |url=https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9106450/Jakarta#13148.toc |access-date=17 September 2007 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070917230948/https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9106450/Jakarta#13148.toc |archive-date=17 September 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> Based on law No. 5 of 1974 relating to regional governments, the Jakarta Special Capital Region was confirmed as the capital of Indonesia and one of the country's then 26 provinces.<ref name="Statistics-2008" /> Lieutenant General [[Ali Sadikin]] served as governor from 1966 to 1977; he rehabilitated roads and bridges, encouraged the arts, and built hospitals and a large number of schools. He cleared out slum dwellers for new development projects — some for the benefit of the Suharto family,<ref>{{harvnb|Douglass|1989|pp=211–38}}; {{harvnb|Douglass|1992|pp=9–32}}</ref>— and attempted to eliminate rickshaws and ban street vendors. He began control of migration to the city to stem overcrowding and poverty.{{sfn|Turner|1997|p=315}} Foreign investment contributed to a real estate boom that transformed the face of Jakarta.{{sfn|Sajor|2003|pp=713–42}} The boom ended with the [[1997 Asian financial crisis]], putting Jakarta at the centre of violence, protest, and political manoeuvring.

After three decades in power, support for President [[Suharto]] began to wane. Tensions peaked when four students were [[Trisakti shootings|shot dead]] at [[Trisakti University]] by security forces. [[May 1998 riots of Indonesia|Four days of riots and violence]] in 1998 ensued that killed an estimated 1,200, and destroyed or damaged 6,000 buildings, forcing Suharto to resign.{{sfn|Friend|2003|p=329}} Much of the rioting targeted [[Chinese Indonesian]]s.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shari |first=Michael |date=7 March 2016 |title=Wages of Hatred |work=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]] |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]] |location=Kuta Gandeg, West Java |publication-place=New York City |url=http://www.businessweek.com/2000/00_41/b3702149.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=7 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307100321/http://www.businessweek.com/2000/00_41/b3702149.htm |archive-date=7 March 2016}}</ref> In the post-Suharto era, Jakarta has remained the focal point of democratic change in Indonesia.{{sfn|Friend|2003|p=?}} [[Jemaah Islamiyah]]-connected bombings occurred almost annually in the city between 2000 and 2005,{{sfn|Witton|2003|pp=138–39}} with [[2009 Jakarta bombings|another in 2009]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Minggu |date=19 July 2009 |url=http://www.poskota.co.id/berita-terkini/2009/07/19/daftar-serangan-bom-di-jakarta |title=Daftar Serangan Bom di Jakarta |publisher=Poskota |access-date=27 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812063627/http://www.poskota.co.id/berita-terkini/2009/07/19/daftar-serangan-bom-di-jakarta |archive-date=12 August 2009}}</ref> In August 2007, Jakarta held [[2007 Jakarta gubernatorial election|its first-ever election to choose a governor]] as part of a nationwide decentralisation program that allows direct local elections in several areas. Previously, governors were elected by the city's legislative body.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jakarta holds historic election |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/6936276.stm |url-status=live |date=8 August 2007 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=8 August 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101050015/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/6936276.stm |archive-date=1 January 2016}}</ref>

During the [[Jokowi]] presidency, the Government adopted a plan to move Indonesia's capital to [[Nusantara (planned city)|Nusantara]] after 17 August 2024,<ref name="kalimantan">{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/asia/jakarta-sinks-as-indonesian-capital-and-borneo-takes-on-mantle-20190826-p52kvp.html |title=Jakarta sinks as Indonesian capital and Borneo takes on mantle |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |access-date=26 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826082811/https://www.smh.com.au/world/asia/jakarta-sinks-as-indonesian-capital-and-borneo-takes-on-mantle-20190826-p52kvp.html |archive-date=26 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> but this has not occurred due to delays.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2024 |title=Indonesia's new capital isn't ready yet. The president is celebrating Independence Day there anyway |url=https://apnews.com/article/indonesia-widodo-new-capital-nusantara-43641d95d2d88caeda772c87dffc0f23 |access-date=18 August 2024 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref>

Between [[2016 Jakarta attacks|2016]] and [[2017 Jakarta bombings|2017]], a series of terrorist attacks rocked Jakarta with scenes of multiple suicide bombings and gunfire. [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]] claimed responsibility for the attacks on behalf of [[Islamic State]].