Editing Irish diaspora (section)

==The rest of Europe==
{{Main|Irish people in mainland Europe}}
Irish links with the continent go back many centuries.<ref name="On Google Books"/> During the early Middle Ages, 700–900 AD, many Irish religious figures went abroad to preach and found monasteries in what is known as the [[Hiberno-Scottish mission]]. [[Brioc|Saint Brieuc]] founded the city that bears his name in [[Brittany]], [[Columbanus|Saint Colmán]] founded the great monastery of [[Bobbio]] in northern Italy and one of his monks was [[Saint Gall]] for whom the Swiss town of [[St. Gallen|St Gallen]] and [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Canton of St. Gallen|St Gallen]] are named.

During the [[Counter-Reformation]], Irish religious and political links with Europe became stronger. An important centre of learning and training for Irish priests developed in [[Leuven]] (Lúbhan in Irish) in the [[Duchy of Brabant]], now in [[Flanders]] (northern Belgium). The [[Flight of the Earls]], in 1607, led much of the Gaelic nobility to flee the country, and after the wars of the 17th century many others fled to Spain, France, Austria, and other Roman Catholic lands.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maxwell |first=Nick |date=2013-03-07 |title=The Flight of the Earls: Imeacht na nIarlaí |url=https://www.historyireland.com/the-flight-of-the-earls-imeacht-na-niarlai/ |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=History Ireland}}</ref> The lords and their retainers and supporters joined the armies of these countries, and were known as the [[Flight of the Wild Geese|Wild Geese]]. Some of the lords and their descendants rose to high ranks in their adoptive countries, such as the [[Spanish people|Spanish]] general and politician [[Leopoldo O'Donnell, 1st Duke of Tetuan]], who became the [[president of the Government of Spain]] or the [[French people|French]] general and politician [[Patrice de Mac-Mahon, Duke of Magenta]], who became the [[president of the French Republic]]. The French [[Cognac]] [[brandy]] maker, [[Hennessy]], was founded by [[Richard Hennessy]], an Irish officer in the [[Clare Regiment]] of the [[Irish Brigade (France)|Irish Brigade]] of the French Army. In Spain and its territories, many Irish descendants can be found with the name ''Obregón''{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}} (''O'Brien'', [[Irish language|Irish]], ''Ó Briain''), including Madrid-born actress ''Ana Victoria García Obregón''.

During the 20th century, certain Irish intellectuals made their homes in continental Europe, particularly [[James Joyce]], and later [[Samuel Beckett]] (who became a courier for the [[French Resistance]]). [[Eoin O'Duffy]] led a brigade of 700 Irish volunteers to fight for [[Francisco Franco|Franco]] during the [[Spanish Civil War]], and [[Frank Ryan (Irish republican)|Frank Ryan]] led the [[Connolly Column]] who fought on the opposite side, with the [[Second Spanish Republic|Republican]] [[International Brigades]]. [[William Joyce]] became an [[English language|English-language]] propagandist for [[Nazi Germany]], known colloquially as [[Lord Haw-Haw]].