Editing Il Canto degli Italiani (section)

===From the unification of Italy to the First World War===
[[File:Inno mameli prima guerra mondiale.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.5|Propaganda poster from the 1910s with the "Il Canto degli Italiani" score]]

In the 1860, the corps of volunteers led by Giuseppe Garibaldi used to sing the hymn in the battles against the [[Bourbons]] in Sicily and [[Southern Italy]] during the [[Expedition of the Thousand]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Class 3 |date=2010–2011 |title=Il canto degli italiani |trans-title=The song of the Italians |url=http://progettocentocin.altervista.org/il-canto-degli-italiani.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104230449/http://progettocentocin.altervista.org/il-canto-degli-italiani.html |archive-date=4 November 2013 |access-date=17 November 2013 |website=Cento50 Anni di...: Dalla realizzione dell'Unitá d'Italia ad oggi [50 Years After...: From the realization of Italian unity to today] |publisher=Instituto Comprensivo "G. Ferrari" |publication-place=Momo}}</ref> [[Giuseppe Verdi]], in his ''[[Inno delle nazioni]]'' ("Hymn of the nations"), composed for the [[International Exhibition (1862)|London International Exhibition of 1862]], chose "Il Canto degli Italiani" to represent Italy, putting it beside "[[God Save the Queen]]" and "[[La Marseillaise]]".

After the [[proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy]] (1861), the "[[Marcia Reale]]" ("Royal March"),{{sfn|Bassi|2011|p=46}} composed in 1831, was chosen as the [[national anthem]] of [[Italian unification|unified Italy]]. "Il Canto degli Italiani" had too [[Political radical|radical]] content, with its strong [[Republicanism|republican]] and [[Jacobin (politics)|Jacobin]] connotations,{{sfn|Maiorino|2002|p=50}}{{sfn|Ridolfi|2003|p=149}} and did not combine well with the [[Monarchism|monarchical]] conclusion to the [[unification of Italy]].{{sfn|Ridolfi|2003|p=147}} Mameli's republican&nbsp;— in fact [[Giuseppe Mazzini|Mazzinian]]&nbsp;— creed, was, however, more historical than political,{{sfn|Ridolfi|2003|p=149}} and [[socialist]] and anarchist circles also disliked "Il Canto degli Italiani" as too conservative.{{sfn|Ridolfi|2003|p=148}} 
[[File:Camera-deputati 21Maggio 1915 inno mameli.jpg|upright=1.4|thumb|Front page of the ''[[Corriere della Sera]]'' of 21 May 1915: parliamentary deputies acclaimed the government's assumption of war powers with the Mameli-Novaro anthem.]]

The song was one of the most common songs during the [[Third Italian War of Independence]] (1866).{{sfn|Ridolfi|2003|p=147}} At the [[Capture of Rome]] on 20 September 1870, the last step in Italian unification, choirs sang it together with "[[:it:La bella Gigogin|La bella Gigogin]]" and the "Marcia Reale";{{sfn|Bassi|2011|p=46}}{{sfn|Maiorino|2002|p=52}} and "Il Canto degli Italiani" received [[bersaglieri]] fanfare.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.150anni-lanostrastoria.it/index.php/presa-di-roma |title=La breccia di Porta Pia |publisher=150anni-lanostrastoria.it |access-date=17 November 2013}}</ref>

After the end of the Italian unification, "Il Canto degli Italiani" was taught in schools, and remained very popular among Italians.{{sfn|Maiorino|2002|p=55}} However, other musical pieces connected to the political and social situation of the time, such as the "{{ill|Inno dei lavoratori|it}}" ("Hymn of the Workers") or "[[Goodbye to Lugano]]",{{sfn|Maiorino|2002|pp=56–57}} addressed everyday problems. These partly obscured the popularity of reunification hymns.<ref name="raistoria">{{cite web |last=Tiriticc |first=Pierluigi |year=2014 |title=Inno di Mameli |trans-title=Mameli's hymn |url=http://www.raistoria.rai.it/articoli/inno-di-mameli/30037/default.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403193237/http://www.raistoria.rai.it/articoli-programma-puntate/inno-di-mameli/30037/default.aspx |archive-date=3 April 2019 |access-date=7 May 2015 |website=RAIStoria |publisher=RAI |language=it |publication-place=Rome}}</ref>

"Fratelli d'Italia", thanks to references to patriotism and armed struggle,<ref name="raistoria" /> returned to success during the [[Italo-Turkish War]] (1911–1912), where it joined "A Tripoli";{{sfn|Maiorino|2002|p=58}} and in the trenches of the [[First World War]] (1915–1918).<ref name="raistoria" /> That time's [[Italian irredentism]] found a symbol in "Il Canto degli Italiani", although in the years following he{{Who|date=December 2023}} would have been preferred, in the patriotic ambit, musical pieces of greater military style such as "[[La Leggenda del Piave]]", the "{{ill|Canzone del Grappa|it}}" or "{{ill|La campana di San Giusto|it|La campana di San Giusto (brano musicale)}}".{{sfn|Ridolfi|2003|p=148}} Shortly after Italy entered the First World War, on 25 July 1915, [[Arturo Toscanini]] performed "Il Canto degli Italiani" at an [[Interventionism (politics)|interventionist]] demonstration.{{sfn|Calabrese|2011|p=114}}{{sfn|Maiorino|2002|pp=59–60}}