Editing Id, ego and superego (section)

==Psychic apparatus ==
[[File:Freuds structural model of psyche.png|thumb|right|300px|Freud's structural or three instance model, referring to his rider parable: The human head symbolizes the ego, the animal the id. Dualistic in an analogue way, the libidinal energy branch out from the id into two main areas: up the mental urge to know and down the bodily urge to act. Both are bundled into actions in the ego in order to fulfil the id's needs. This includes perception and judgement of inner and outer reality, leading to experiences (by muscle control), which the superego internalises via [[Imprinting (psychology)|neuronal imprinting]]. The superego contains the socialisation that takes place during childhood. If it complements the id's instincts, the organism remains mentally healthy  –  the 'rider' carries out the will of his 'animal' "as if it were his own."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Freud |first=Sigmund |title=The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud. Volume XIX (1923–26) ''The Ego and the Id and Other Works'' |publisher=Hogarth Press |others=Strachey, James., Freud, Anna, 1895–1982, Rothgeb, Carrie Lee, Richards, Angela., Scientific Literature Corporation. |year=1978 |isbn=0701200677 |location=London |pages=19 |oclc=965512}}</ref> The borders between un- and consciousness aren't sharp: "Where id was, ego shall become."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Freud |first1=Sigmund |title=Neue Folge der Vorlesungen zur Einführung in die Psychoanalyse |date=1933 |page=31. Vorlesung: Die Zerlegung der psychischen Persönlichkeit}}</ref>]]In order to overcome difficulties of understanding as far as possible, Freud formulated his "metapsychology" which for Lacan represents a ''technical elaboration''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lacan |first1=Jaques |title=Freuds technische Schriften |date=1953 |publisher=Seminar of Jacques Lacan}}</ref> of the concepts of the soul model: dividing the organism into three instances the id is regarded as the germ from which the ego and the superego develop. Driven by an energy that Freud calls ''libido'' in direct reference to Plato's [[Eros (concept)|Eros]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Platon |title=Symposion}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Freud |first1=Sigmund |title=Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse |pages=99}}</ref> the instances complement each other through their specific functions in a similar way to the [[Organelle|organelles]] of a cell or parts of a technical apparatus.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Freud |first1=Sigmund |title=Gesammelte Werke. Bd. 14. Selbstdarstellung |pages=85}}</ref> 
Further distinctions (as the coordinates of ''topology'', ''dynamics'' and ''economy'') encouraged Freud to assume that the metapsychological elaboration of the structural model would make it fully compatible with biological sciences such as evolutionary theory and enable a well-founded concept of mental health including a theory of human development, which naturally completed in three successive stages: the oral, anal and genital phase. However, as important as this is for the diagnostic process (illness can only be realised as a deviation from the optimal cooperation of all psycho-organic functions), Freud had to be modest. He came to the conclusion that he had to leave his metapsychological based model of the soul in the unfinished state of a ''[[torso]]''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Freud |first1=Sigmund |title=Gesammelte Werke. Bd. 14. Selbstdarstellung |pages=85}}</ref> because – as he stated one last time in [[Moses and Monotheism]] – there was no well-founded [[primate research]] in the first half of 20th century.<ref name="Sigmund Freud: Der Mann Moses und d">{{cite book |last1=Freud |first1=Sigmund |title=Sigmund Freud: Der Mann Moses und die monotheistische Religion |pages=180 (Kapitel 3, Abschnitt C)}}</ref>  Without knowledge of the instinctive social behaviour with the corresponding structure of cohabitation of our genetically [[Gombe Chimpanzee War|closest relatives]] in realm of primates, Freud's thesis of Darwin's primordial horde (as presented for discussion in [[Totem and Taboo]]) can't be tested and, if possible, replaced by a realistic model. Horde life and its violent abolition through introduction of monogamy (as an agreement between the sons who murdered the horde's polygamous father) embody the evolutionary as well as cultural-prehistorical core of psychoanalysis. It stands in contrast to the religiously enigmatic reports about the origin of [[Adam and Eve|monogamous couples]] on earth as an expression of divine will, but closer to the ancient trap to pacify political conflicts among the groups of Neolithic mankind. (See [[Prometheus]]' uprising against Zeus, who created [[Pandora]] as a fatal wedding gift for Epimetheus to divide and rule these titanic brothers; Plato's myth of spherical men cut into isolated individuals for the same reason;<ref>{{cite book |last1=Plato |title=Symposion |chapter=Aristophanes' speech}}</ref> and the similarly resolved revolt of inferior gods in the Flood epic [[Atra-Hasis]]). Additional important assumptions are based on it, such as the [[Oedipus complex]], the origin of moral-totemic rules like [[Incest taboo]] and, not least, Freud's ''[[Civilization and Its Discontents|Unease in Culture]]''. Nonetheless, due to the lack of ethological primate research, these ideas remained an unproven belief of palaeo-anthropological science – only  a [[hypothesis]] or "''just so story'' as a not unpleasant English critic wittily called it. But I mean it honours a hypothesis if it shows capable of creating context and understanding in new areas."<ref name="Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse">{{cite book |last1=Freud |first1=Sigmund |title=Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse |publisher=textlog.de |pages=X - Die Masse und die Urhorde |url=https://www.textlog.de/freud/abhandlungen/massenpsychologie/x-die-masse-und-die-urhorde#fnref-1}}</ref>