Editing Hypochondriasis (section)

==Treatment==
Approximately 20 randomized controlled trials and numerous observational studies indicate that [[cognitive behavioral therapy]] (CBT) is an effective treatment for hypochondriasis.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Olatunji BO, Kauffman BY, Meltzer S, Davis ML, Smits JA, Powers MB | title = Cognitive-behavioral therapy for hypochondriasis/health anxiety: a meta-analysis of treatment outcome and moderators | journal = Behaviour Research and Therapy | volume = 58 | pages = 65–74 | date = July 2014 | pmid = 24954212 | doi = 10.1016/j.brat.2014.05.002 | s2cid = 10465353 }}</ref><ref name="bouman">{{cite journal|last1=Bouman|first1=Theo K.|date=February 2014|title=Psychological Treatments for Hypochondriasis: A Narrative Review|journal=Current Psychiatry Reviews|volume=10|issue=1|pages=58–69|doi=10.2174/1573400509666131119010612}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cooper |first1=Kate |last2=Gregory |first2=James D. |last3=Walker |first3=Ian |last4=Lambe |first4=Sinead |last5=Salkovskis |first5=Paul M. |author-link5=Paul Salkovskis |date=March 2017 |title=Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Health Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |url=https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/140942/1/1CBT_for_HA_for_BCP.pdf |journal=Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=110–123 |doi=10.1017/S1352465816000527 |pmid=28229805 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Axelsson 663–676">{{cite journal |last1=Axelsson |first1=Erland |last2=Hedman-Lagerlöf |first2=Erik |title=Cognitive behavior therapy for health anxiety: systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical efficacy and health economic outcomes |journal=Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research |date=2 November 2019 |volume=19 |issue=6 |pages=663–676 |doi=10.1080/14737167.2019.1703182 |pmid=31859542 |doi-access=free |url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Cognitive_behavior_therapy_for_health_anxiety_systematic_review_and_meta-analysis_of_clinical_efficacy_and_health_economic_outcomes/12102468/1/files/22255326.pdf }}</ref> Typically, about two-thirds of patients respond to treatment, and about 50% of patients achieve remission, i.e., no longer have hypochondriasis after treatment.<ref name="Axelsson 663–676"/> The [[effect size]], or magnitude of benefit, appears to be moderate to large.<ref name="Axelsson 663–676"/> CBT for hypochondriasis and health anxiety may be offered in various formats, including as face-to-face individual or group therapy, via telephone,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morriss |first1=Richard |last2=Patel |first2=Shireen |last3=Malins |first3=Sam |last4=Guo |first4=Boliang |last5=Higton |first5=Fred |last6=James |first6=Marilyn |last7=Wu |first7=Mengjun |last8=Brown |first8=Paula |last9=Boycott |first9=Naomi |last10=Kaylor-Hughes |first10=Catherine |last11=Morris |first11=Martin |last12=Rowley |first12=Emma |last13=Simpson |first13=Jayne |last14=Smart |first14=David |last15=Stubley |first15=Michelle |last16=Kai |first16=Joe |last17=Tyrer |first17=Helen |title=Clinical and economic outcomes of remotely delivered cognitive behaviour therapy versus treatment as usual for repeat unscheduled care users with severe health anxiety: a multicentre randomised controlled trial |journal=BMC Medicine |date=December 2019 |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=16 |doi=10.1186/s12916-019-1253-5 |pmid=30670044 |pmc=6343350 |doi-access=free }}</ref> or as guided self-help with information conveyed via a self-help book<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Axelsson |first1=Erland |last2=Andersson |first2=Erik |last3=Ljótsson |first3=Brjánn |last4=Hedman-Lagerlöf |first4=Erik |title=Cost-effectiveness and long-term follow-up of three forms of minimal-contact cognitive behaviour therapy for severe health anxiety: Results from a randomised controlled trial |journal=Behaviour Research and Therapy |date=August 2018 |volume=107 |pages=95–105 |doi=10.1016/j.brat.2018.06.002 |pmid=29936239 |hdl=10616/46521 |s2cid=49406483 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> or online treatment platform.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Axelsson|first1=Erland|last2=Andersson|first2=Erik|last3=Ljótsson|first3=Brjánn|last4=Björkander|first4=Daniel|last5=Hedman-Lagerlöf|first5=Maria|last6=Hedman-Lagerlöf|first6=Erik|title=Effect of Internet vs Face-to-Face Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Health Anxiety: A Randomized Noninferiority Clinical Trial|journal=JAMA Psychiatry|year=2020|volume=77|issue=9|pages=915–924|doi=10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.0940|pmid=32401286|pmc=7221860}}</ref> Effects are typically sustained over time.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tyrer |first1=P. |last2=Wang |first2=D. |last3=Crawford |first3=M. |last4=Dupont |first4=S. |last5=Cooper |first5=S. |last6=Nourmand |first6=S. |last7=Lazarevic |first7=V. |last8=Philip |first8=A. |last9=Tyrer |first9=H. |title=Sustained benefit of cognitive behaviour therapy for health anxiety in medical patients (CHAMP) over 8 years: a randomised-controlled trial |journal=Psychological Medicine |date=July 2021 |volume=51 |issue=10 |pages=1714–1722 |doi=10.1017/S003329172000046X |pmid=32174296 |s2cid=212731146 |url=https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/14364/1/Sustained%20benefit_DW.docx |hdl=10044/1/77505 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Axelsson 663–676"/>

There is also evidence that antidepressant medications such as [[selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors]] can reduce symptoms.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Louw |first1=Kerry-Ann |last2=Hoare |first2=Jacqueline |last3=Stein |first3=Dan J |title=Pharmacological Treatments for Hypochondriasis: A Review |journal=Current Psychiatry Reviews |volume=10 |issue=1 |date=February 2014 |pages=70–4 |doi=10.2174/1573400509666131119004750}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fallon |first1=Brian A. |last2=Ahern |first2=David K. |last3=Pavlicova |first3=Martina |last4=Slavov |first4=Iordan |last5=Skritskya |first5=Natalia |last6=Barsky |first6=Arthur J. |title=A Randomized Controlled Trial of Medication and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Hypochondriasis |journal=American Journal of Psychiatry |date=August 2017 |volume=174 |issue=8 |pages=756–764 |doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16020189 |pmid=28659038 |pmc=5957509 }}</ref> In some cases, hypochondriasis responds well to [[antipsychotic]]s, particularly the newer [[atypical antipsychotic]] medications.<ref>{{cite book |first1=Wolfgang |last1=Harth |first2=Uwe |last2=Gieler |first3=Daniel |last3=Kusnir |first4=Francisco A. |last4=Tausk |year=2008 |chapter=Hypochondriacal Delusions |chapter-url={{google books|NHnEMdgKJbIC|page=36|plainurl=yes}} |page=36 |title=Clinical Management in Psychodermatology |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-540-34718-7 }}</ref>