Editing Hypnotherapy (section)

=== Cognitive/behavioral ===
Cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy (CBH) is an integrated psychological therapy employing clinical hypnosis and [[Cognitive therapy|cognitive behavioral therapy]] (CBT).<ref name="Robertson_2012">{{Cite book |vauthors=Robertson D |title=The Practice of Cognitive-Behavioural Hypnotherapy: A Manual for Evidence-Based Clinical Hypnosis|year=2012|publisher=Karnac |location=London |isbn=978-1855755307 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=um6_7kEszusC}}</ref> The use of CBT in conjunction with hypnotherapy may result in greater treatment effectiveness. A meta-analysis of eight different types of research revealed "a 70% greater improvement" for patients undergoing an integrated treatment than those using CBT only.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2014-08-04 |title=Integrating Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Into Primary Care Settings |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1077722914000431 |journal=Cognitive and Behavioral Practice |language=en |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=247–251 |doi=10.1016/j.cbpra.2014.04.002|pmc=4961302 }}</ref><ref name="Kirsch">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kirsch I, Montgomery G, Sapirstein G |title=Hypnosis as an adjunct to cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy: a meta-analysis |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=214–220 |date=April 1995 |pmid=7751482 |doi=10.1037/0022-006X.63.2.214 }}</ref>

In 1974, [[Theodore X. Barber]] and his colleagues published a review of the research which argued, following the earlier social psychology of [[Theodore R. Sarbin]], that hypnotism was better understood not as a "special state" but as the result of normal psychological variables, such as active imagination, expectation, appropriate attitudes, and motivation.<ref name="Barber">{{Cite book |vauthors=Barber TX, Spanos NP, Chaves JF |year=1974 |title=Hypnotism, imagination, and human potentialities |url=https://archive.org/details/hypnosisimaginat00barb |url-access=registration |publisher=Pergamon Press |oclc=912492464}}</ref> Barber introduced the term "cognitive-behavioral" to describe the nonstate theory of hypnotism, and discussed its application to behavior therapy.

The growing application of cognitive and behavioral psychological theories and concepts to the explanation of hypnosis paved the way for closer integration of hypnotherapy with various cognitive and behavioral therapies.<ref name="Richard">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bryant RA, Moulds ML, Guthrie RM, Nixon RD |title=The additive benefit of hypnosis and cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating acute stress disorder |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |volume=73 |issue=2 |pages=334–340 |date=April 2005 |pmid=15796641 |doi=10.1037/0022-006x.73.2.334}}</ref>

Many cognitive and behavioral therapies were themselves originally influenced by older hypnotherapy techniques,<ref name="Weitsenhoffer">{{cite journal |vauthors=Weitzenhoffer AM |title=Behavior therapeutic techniques and hypnotherapeutic methods |journal=The American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=71–82 |date=October 1972 |pmid=4679810 |doi=10.1080/00029157.1972.10402222}}</ref> e.g., the [[systematic desensitisation]] of [[Joseph Wolpe]], the cardinal technique of early behavior therapy, was originally called "hypnotic desensitisation"<ref name="Wolpe">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Wolpe J |year=1958 |title=Psychotherapy by Reciprocal Inhibition |journal=Conditional Reflex |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=234–40 |doi=10.1007/BF03000093 |isbn=978-0804705097 |pmid=5712667 |s2cid=46015274}}</ref> and derived from the ''Medical Hypnosis'' (1948) of [[Lewis Wolberg]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Medical hypnosis |volume=2 |vauthors=Wolberg RL |year=1948 |publisher=Grune & Stratton |oclc=881360526}}</ref>