Editing Hypha (section)

== Types ==

=== Classification based on cell division ===
*'''Septate''' (with septa)
**''[[Aspergillus]]''<ref name="urlMycology Online -- Aspergillosis">{{cite web|url=http://www.mycology.adelaide.edu.au/Mycoses/Opportunistic/Aspergillosis/|title=Mycology Online – Aspergillosis|access-date=2008-12-10|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207081944/http://www.mycology.adelaide.edu.au/Mycoses/Opportunistic/Aspergillosis/|archive-date=2008-12-07}}</ref> and many other species have septate hyphae.
*'''Aseptate''' ('''non-septate''') or [[coenocyte|coenocytic]] (without septa)
**Non-septate hyphae are associated with ''[[Mucor]]'',<ref name="urlInfection">{{cite web|last=Klatt|first=Edward C.|website=WebPath|publisher=University of Utah School of Medicine|url= http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/INFEHTML/INFEC022.html |title=Mucormycosis |access-date=10 December 2008}}</ref> some [[zygomycota|zygomycetes]], and other fungi.
*'''Pseudohyphae''' are distinguished from true hyphae by their method of growth, relative frailty and lack of [[cytoplasm]]ic connection between the cells.
** Yeasts form pseudohyphae.<ref name="urlYeasts">{{cite book |last1=Reiss |first1=Errol |last2=DiSalvo |first2=Art |editor1-last=Hunt |editor1-first=Richard |title=Microbiology and Immunology On-line |date=31 May 2018 |publisher=University of South Carolina |url=https://www.microbiologybook.org/mycology/2018mycology-3.htm |access-date=20 November 2020 |chapter=Yeasts}}</ref> They are the result of a sort of incomplete [[budding]] where the cells elongate but remain attached after division. Some yeasts can also form true septate hyphae.<ref name="SudberyGowBerman2004">{{Cite journal | last1 = Sudbery | first1 = Peter | last2 = Gow | first2 = Neil | last3 = Berman | first3 = Judith | title = The distinct morphogenic states of ''Candida albicans'' | doi =  10.1016/j.tim.2004.05.008 | journal = Trends in Microbiology | volume = 12 | issue = 7 | pages = 317–324 | year = 2004 | pmid =  15223059}}</ref>

=== Classification based on cell wall and overall form ===
Characteristics of hyphae can be important in fungal classification. In [[Basidiomycota|basidiomycete]] taxonomy, hyphae that comprise the [[sporocarp (fungi)|fruiting body]] can be identified as generative, skeletal, or binding hyphae.<ref name=IMA>{{cite web|title=Hyphal System |publisher=Illinois Mycological Association |url=http://www.mushroomthejournal.com/greatlakesdata/Terms/trimi142.html |access-date=2007-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061014024902/http://www.mushroomthejournal.com/greatlakesdata/Terms/trimi142.html |archive-date=2006-10-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*'''Generative''' hyphae are relatively undifferentiated and can develop reproductive structures.  They are typically thin-walled, occasionally developing slightly thickened walls, usually have frequent septa, and may or may not have [[clamp connection]]s. They may be embedded in mucilage or gelatinized materials.
*'''Skeletal''' hyphae are of two basic types.  The classical form is thick-walled and very long in comparison to the frequently septate generative hyphae, which are unbranched or rarely branched, with little cell content.  They have few septa and lack clamp connections. Fusiform skeletal hyphae are the second form of skeletal hyphae. Unlike typical skeletal hyphae these are swollen centrally and often exceedingly broad, hence giving the hypha a [[wikt:fusiform|fusiform]] shape.
*'''Binding''' hyphae are thick-walled and frequent branched. Often they resemble deer antlers or defoliated trees because of the many tapering branches.

Based on the generative, skeletal and binding hyphal types, in 1932 [[E. J. H. Corner]] applied the terms monomitic, dimitic, and trimitic to hyphal systems, in order to improve the classification of [[polypore]]s.<ref name=Corner_1932>{{cite journal | author = Corner EJH | title = A Fomes with two systems of hyphae | journal = Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc.| year = 1932 | volume = 17 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 51–81 | doi = 10.1016/S0007-1536(32)80026-4}}</ref><ref name=Cunningham_1954>{{cite journal | author = Cunningham GH | title = Taxonomic Problems of some Hymenomycetes | journal = Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand | year = 1954–55 | volume = 82 | pages = 893–6 | url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/periodicals/TPRSNZ1954-82.2.11.12 }}</ref>
*Every fungus must contain generative hyphae.  A fungus which only contains this type, as do fleshy mushrooms such as [[agaric]]s, is referred to as '''monomitic'''.
*If a fungus contains the obligate generative hyphae (as mentioned in the last point, "every fungus must contain generative hyphae") and just one of the other two types (either skeletal or binding hyphae), it is called '''dimitic'''.  In fact dimitic fungi almost always contain generative and skeletal hyphae; there is one exceptional genus, ''[[Laetiporus]]'' that includes only generative and binding hyphae.
*Skeletal and binding hyphae give leathery and woody fungi such as [[polypore]]s their tough consistency.  If a fungus contains all three types (example: ''[[Trametes versicolor|Trametes]]''), it is called '''trimitic'''.
Fungi that form [[wikt:fusiform|fusiform]] skeletal hyphae bound by generative hyphae are said to have '''sarcodimitic''' hyphal systems.  A few fungi form fusiform skeletal hyphae, generative hyphae, and binding hyphae, and these are said to have '''sarcotrimitic''' hyphal systems.  These terms were introduced as a later refinement by E. J. H. Corner in 1966.<ref name=Corner_1966>{{cite journal |author = Corner EJH | title = Monograph of cantharelloid fungi| journal = Ann. Bot. Mem.| year = 1966 | volume = 2 | pages = 1–255}}</ref>

=== Classification based on refractive appearance ===
Hyphae are described as "gloeoplerous" ("gloeohyphae") if their high refractive index gives them an oily or granular appearance under the microscope.  These cells may be yellowish or clear ([[hyaline]]).  They can sometimes selectively be coloured by sulphovanillin or other reagents.  The specialized cells termed [[cystidia]] can also be gloeoplerous.<ref>See glossary of Meinhard Moser, translated by Simon Plant: ''Keys to Agarics and Boleti'' (Roger Phillips 1983)  {{ISBN|0-9508486-0-3}}.</ref><ref>See section "Microscopic features ..." of [http://www.clarku.edu/faculty/dhibbett/workshops%20and%20outreach/2006%20workshop%20documents/collecting%20and%20id.pdf 2006 Summer Workshop in Fungal Biology for High School Teachers] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625202455/http://www.clarku.edu/faculty/dhibbett/workshops%20and%20outreach/2006%20workshop%20documents/collecting%20and%20id.pdf |date=2008-06-25 }}, Hibbett lab, Biology Department, Clark University, "Guidelines for collecting and identifying macrofungi (basidiomycetes)".</ref>

=== Classification based on growth location ===
Hyphae might be categorized as 'vegetative' or 'aerial.' Aerial hyphae of fungi produce asexual reproductive spores.<ref name="Dr Kaiser Baltimore">{{cite web| title = II: FUNGI| url = http://faculty.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit4/fungi/mold.html| access-date = 2020-03-10| date = 2014-06-01| author = Kaiser, Gary E.| archive-date = 2019-12-25| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191225214828/http://faculty.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit4/fungi/mold.html| url-status = dead}}</ref>