Editing Human ecology (section)

==Niche of the Anthropocene==
{{main|Anthropocene}}
{{see also|Novel ecosystem}}

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| quote = Perhaps the most important implication involves our view of human society. ''Homo sapiens'' is not an external disturbance, it is a keystone species within the system. In the long term, it may not be the magnitude of extracted goods and services that will determine sustainability. It may well be our disruption of ecological recovery and stability mechanisms that determines system collapse.<ref name="O'Neil01">{{cite journal | last1=O'Neil | first1=R. V. | title=Is it time to bury the ecosystem concept? (With full military honors, of course!) | journal=Ecology | volume=82 | issue=12 | pages=3275–3284 | url=http://www.esa.org/history/Awards/papers/ONeill_RV_MA.pdf | doi=10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[3275:IITTBT]2.0.CO;2 | year=2001 }}</ref>{{rp|3282}}
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Changes to the Earth by human activities have been so great that a new geological epoch named the [[Anthropocene]] has been proposed.<ref name="Zalasiewicz11">{{cite journal | last1=Zalasiewicz | first1=J. | last2=Williams | first2=M. | last3=Haywood | first3=A. | last4=Ellis | first4=M. | title=The Anthropocene: a new epoch of geological time? | journal=Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A | volume=369 | issue=1938 | date=2011 | pages=835–841 | doi=10.1098/rsta.2010.0339 | pmid=21282149| bibcode=2011RSPTA.369..835Z | s2cid=2624037 | url=http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/14867/1/Anthropocene_overview.pdf | doi-access=free }}</ref> The human niche or ecological ''polis'' of human society, as it was known historically, has created entirely new arrangements of ecosystems as we convert matter into technology. Human ecology has created anthropogenic biomes (called [[anthrome]]s).<ref name="Ellis11">{{cite journal | last1=Ellis | first1=E. C. | title=Anthropogenic transformation of the terrestrial biosphere | journal=Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A | date=2011 | volume=369 | issue=1938 | pages=1010–1035 | doi=10.1098/rsta.2010.0331 | pmid=21282158 | url=http://ecotope.org/people/ellis/papers/ellis_2011.pdf| bibcode=2011RSPTA.369.1010E | s2cid=14668849 }}</ref> The habitats within these anthromes reach out through our road networks to create what has been called [[technoecosystems]] containing [[technosols]]. [[Technodiversity]] exists within these technoecosystems.<ref name="Odum05" /><ref name="Rossiter07">{{cite journal | last1=Rossiter | first1=D. G. | title=Classification of Urban and Industrial Soils in the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (5 pp) | journal=Journal of Soils and Sediments | volume=7 | issue=2 | pages=96–100 | doi=10.1065/jss2007.02.208 | url=https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/268655060/Rossiter2007classification.pdf | date=2007 | bibcode=2007JSoSe...7...96R | s2cid=10338446 }}</ref> In direct parallel to the concept of the [[Earth's spheres|ecosphere]], human civilization has also created a [[Novel ecosystem#Technosphere|technosphere]].<ref name="Stairs97">{{cite journal | last1=Stairs | first1=D. | title=Biophilia and technophilia: Examining the nature/culture split in design theory | journal=Design Issues | volume=13 | issue=3 | pages=37–44 | jstor=1511939 | doi=10.2307/1511939| date=1997 }}</ref><ref name="Adams09">{{cite journal | last1=Adams | first1=C. | title=Applied catalysis: A predictive socioeconomic history | journal=Topics in Catalysis | volume=52 | issue=8 | pages=924–934 | doi=10.1007/s11244-009-9251-z| date=2009 | s2cid=96322189 }}</ref><ref name="Lugoa00">{{cite journal | last1=Lugoa | first1=A. E. | last2=Gucinski | first2=H. | title=Function, effects, and management of forest roads | journal=Forest Ecology and Management | volume=133 | issue=3 | pages=249–262 | url=http://www.fsl.orst.edu/~waring/Umatilla%20Nat.%20Forest%20Wilcat%20Thinning%20and%20Fuel%20Mgmt%20Plan/Lugo%20and%20Gucinski%202000.pdf | doi=10.1016/s0378-1127(99)00237-6| year=2000 | bibcode=2000ForEM.133..249L }}</ref><ref name="Zabel99">{{cite journal | last1=Zabel | first1=B. | last2=Hawes | first2=P. | last3=Stuart | first3=H. | last4=Marino | first4=D. V. | title=Construction and engineering of a created environment: Overview of the Biosphere 2 closed system | journal=Ecological Engineering | volume=13 | issue=1–4 | date=1999| pages=43–63 | doi=10.1016/S0925-8574(98)00091-3| bibcode=1999EcEng..13...43Z }}</ref> The way that the human species engineers or constructs technodiversity into the environment threads back into the processes of cultural and biological evolution, including the human economy.<ref name="Rowley-Conwy11">{{cite journal | last1=Rowley-Conwy | first1=P. | last2=Layton | first2=R. | title=Foraging and farming as niche construction: stable and unstable adaptations | journal=Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B | date=2011 | volume=366 | pages=849–862 | issue=1556 | doi=10.1098/rstb.2010.0307 | pmid=21320899 | pmc=3048996 }}</ref><ref name="Jablonka11">{{cite journal | last1=Jablonka | first1=E. | title=The entangled (and constructed) human bank. | journal=Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B | date=2011 | volume=366 | issue=1556 | pages=784 | doi=10.1098/rstb.2010.0364 | pmid=21320893 | pmc=3049000 }}</ref>
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