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===World Bank Human Capital Index=== {{main|Human Capital Index}} In October 2018, the [[World Bank]] published the Human Capital Index (HCI) as a measurement of economic success. The Index ranks countries according to how much is invested in education and health care for young people.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/business-45816049 "Not pounds and pence β here's a different way to measure our wealth"], BBC, 11.10,2018</ref> The World Bank's 2019 [[World Development Report]] on ''The Changing Nature of Work''<ref>{{cite web| url = http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/816281518818814423/pdf/2019-WDR-Report.pdf| title = World Bank World Development Report 2019: The Changing Nature of Work.}}</ref> showcases the Index and explains its importance given the impact of technology on labor markets and the future of work. One of the central innovations of the World Bank Human Capital Index was the inclusion and harmonization of learning data across 164 countries. This introduced a measure of human capital which directly accounts for the knowledge and skills acquired from schooling, rather than using schooling alone, now widely recognized to be an incomplete proxy. The learning outcomes data, methodology, and applications to the human capital literature underlying this effort were published in ''Nature''.<ref>Angrist, Noam, Simeon Djankov, Pinelopi K. Goldberg, and Harry A. Patrinos. [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03323-7 "Measuring Human Capital Using Global Learning Data"], ''Nature'' (2021).</ref> ;Human Capital Index ranking (top 50 countries)<ref>{{cite web| url = http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/816281518818814423/pdf/2019-WDR-Report.pdf| title = World Development Report 2019}}</ref> {{columns-list|colwidth=22em| # {{flagcountry|Singapore}} 0.88 # {{flagcountry|South Korea}} 0.84 # {{flagcountry|Japan}} 0.84 # {{flagcountry|Hong Kong}}, [[Special administrative regions of China|SAR of China]] 0.82 # {{flagcountry|Finland}} 0.81 # {{flagcountry|Ireland}} 0.81 # {{flagcountry|Australia}} 0.80 # {{flagcountry|Sweden}} 0.80 # {{flagcountry|Netherlands}} 0.80 # {{flagcountry|Canada}} 0.80 # {{flagcountry|Germany}} 0.79 # {{flagcountry|Austria}} 0.79 # {{flagcountry|Slovenia}} 0.79 # {{flagcountry|Czech Republic}} 0.78 # {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} 0.78 # {{flagcountry|Portugal}} 0.78 # {{flagcountry|Denmark}} 0.77 # {{flagcountry|Norway}} 0.77 # {{flagcountry|Italy}} 0.77 # {{flagcountry|Switzerland}} 0.77 # {{flagcountry|New Zealand}} 0.77 # {{flagcountry|France}} 0.76 # {{flagcountry|Israel}} 0.76 # {{flagcountry|United States}} 0.76 # {{flagcountry|Macau}}, SAR of China 0.76 # {{flagcountry|Belgium}} 0.76 # {{flagcountry|Serbia}} 0.76 # {{flagcountry|Cyprus}} 0.75 # {{flagcountry|Estonia}} 0.75 # {{flagcountry|Poland}} 0.75 # {{flagcountry|Kazakhstan}} 0.75 # {{flagcountry|Spain}} 0.74 # {{flagcountry|Iceland}} 0.74 # {{flagcountry|Russian Federation}} 0.73 # {{flagcountry|Latvia}} 0.72 # {{flagcountry|Croatia}} 0.72 # {{flagcountry|Lithuania}} 0.71 # {{flagcountry|Hungary}} 0.70 # {{flagcountry|Malta}} 0.70 # {{flagcountry|Slovak Republic}} 0.69 # {{flagcountry|Luxembourg}} 0.69 # {{flagcountry|Greece}} 0.68 # {{flagcountry|Seychelles}} 0.68 # {{flagcountry|Bulgaria}} 0.68 # {{flagcountry|Chile}} 0.67 # {{flagcountry|China}} 0.67 # {{flagcountry|Bahrain}} 0.67 # {{flagcountry|Vietnam}} 0.67 # {{flagcountry|United Arab Emirates}} 0.66 # {{flagcountry|Ukraine}} 0.65 }}
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