Editing Hubert Walter (section)

==Ecclesiastical affairs and resignation==
Walter held a [[Papal legate|legateship]] from Pope Celestine III from 1195 to 1198, which enabled him to act with the pope's delegated authority within the English Church.<ref name=Bartlett411>Bartlett ''England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings'' p. 411</ref> Walter actively investigated ecclesiastical misconduct, and deposed several [[abbot]]s, including Robert of [[Thorney Abbey]] in 1195 and an abbot of St Mary's in the province of the Archbishop of York.<ref name=Monastic651>Knowles ''Monastic Order'' pp. 651–652</ref> At the monastic [[Anglican Diocese of Worcester|cathedral of Worcester]], he disciplined the monks between the death of [[Henry de Sully (died 1195)|Henry de Sully]] and the election of [[John of Coutances]], as was his right as the archbishop of the province.<ref name=Monastic654>Knowles ''Monastic Order'' p. 654</ref> In his own diocese, he granted markets and fairs to towns, was granted the privilege of minting coins at Shrewsbury, and worked to recover lands and manors that had been lost to the archdiocese.<ref name=Young73>Young ''Hubert Walter'' p. 73</ref>

Walter revived the scheme of his predecessor, Baldwin of Forde, to found a church in [[Canterbury]] that would be [[Secular clergy|secular]] and not [[Monk|monastic]]. He promised that the new foundation's canons would not be allowed to vote in archiepiscopal elections nor would the body of Saint Thomas Becket ever be moved to the new church, but the monks of his cathedral chapter were suspicious and appealed to the papacy. The dispute from the time of Baldwin of Forde flared up again, with the papacy supporting the monks and the king supporting the archbishop. Finally, Pope [[Pope Innocent III|Innocent III]] ruled for the monks and ordered Walter to destroy what had been built.<ref name=Monastic324>Knowles ''Monastic Order'' pp. 324–328</ref>

The archbishop held ecclesiastical councils, including one at [[York]] in 1195 that legislated that the clergy should collect their [[tithe]]s in full, "...without any reduction".<ref name=Moorman111>Moorman ''Church Life'' pp.&nbsp;111–112</ref> Another council was held at London in 1200 to legislate the size and composition of clerical retinues,<ref name=Moorman121>Moorman ''Church Life'' p.&nbsp;121</ref> and also ruled that the clergy, when saying [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]], should speak clearly and not speed up or slow down their speech.<ref name=Moorman226>Moorman ''Church Life'' p.&nbsp;226</ref> At the request of the papacy, Walter also led inquiries into the [[canonisation]]s of [[Gilbert of Sempringham]] and [[Wulfstan, Bishop of Worcester|Wulfstan of Worcester]].<ref name=DNB/><ref name=Young141>Young ''Hubert Walter'' pp. 141–142</ref> Walter refused to acquiesce in the election of Gerald of Wales to the [[Bishop of St David's|see of St David's]] in Wales and opposed the efforts of Gerald and others to elevate St David's to an archbishopric.<ref name=Mortimer208>Mortimer ''Angevin England'' p. 208</ref>

In the later part of Richard's reign, the pressures mounted on Walter. Conflicts between his ecclesiastical duties and his government duties made him the target of criticism from both sides.<ref name=DNB/><ref name=RichardI281/> A dispute in December 1197, over Richard's demand that the magnates of England provide 300&nbsp;knights to serve in France, led to renewed grumbling among the clergy and barons.<ref name=RichardI281/> Richard was also dissatisfied with the results of the carucage in 1198,<ref name=DNB/> so Walter resigned his position of chief justiciar on 11 July of that year.<ref name=Handbook71/> Walter may have resigned willingly, as he had talked of resigning his secular duties since 1194.<ref name=RichardI281>Gillingham ''Richard I'' pp. 280–281</ref> Some medieval sources, however, stated that he was forced out of office by the king.<ref name=Young129>Young ''Hubert Walter'' pp. 129–130</ref>