Editing Hoxton (section)

===Almshouses and madhouses===
[[File:Haberdasher's Almshouse (Aske's Hospital), Hoxton, London. E Wellcome V0014746.jpg|thumb|right|Haberdashers' Alms Houses, as rebuilt by D. R. Roper in 1825.]]
By the end of the 17th century the nobility's estates began to be broken up. Many of these large houses came to be used as schools, hospitals or [[Psychiatric hospital|mad houses]], with [[almshouses]] being built on the land between by benefactors, most of whom were [[City of London|City]] [[guilds|liverymen]]. Aske's Almshouses<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roberthooke.org.uk/batten9.htm |title=Robert Hooke |publisher=Roberthooke.org.uk |access-date=2014-01-21}}</ref> were built (to [[Robert Hooke]]'s design) on Pitfield Street in 1689 from [[Robert Aske (merchant)|Robert Aske]]'s endowment for 20 poor [[Worshipful Company of Haberdashers|haberdashers]] and a school for 20 children of [[Freedom of the City|freemen]].

Almshouses endowed by [[Robert Geffrye]] were estabslished by the [[Ironmongers' Company]] on the Kingsland Road in 1714. The almshouses closed in 1911, with the remaining pensioners moving to Kent and Hampshire. The [[London County Council|LCC]] took on the almshouses and opened the Geffrye Museum in 1914 to house collections of furniture and wood crafts. [[Museum of the Home]] now occupies the site, and following an extensive refurbishment, is a free museum with access directly opposite Hoxton Station.<ref>{{cite news |last=Brown |first=Mark |title=Geffrye to reopen as Museum of the Home after £18m overhaul |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2019/nov/27/geffrye-to-reopen-as-museum-of-the-home-after-18m-overhaul/ |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=27 November 2019}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-59310219|title=Sir Robert Geffrye: Museum of the Home wants statue moved|work=BBC News |date=16 November 2021}}</ref>

Hoxton House, was established as a private asylum in 1695. It was owned by the Miles family, and expanded rapidly into the surrounding streets being described by [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge|Coleridge]] as ''the'' Hoxton madhouse.<ref name=West>{{cite web|url=http://studymore.org.uk/westlond.htm#Hoxton |title=West London asylums in 19th century literature |publisher=Studymore.org.uk |access-date=2014-02-18}}</ref> Here fee-paying 'gentle and middle class' people took their exercise in the extensive grounds between Pitfield Street and Kingsland Road;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=98226 |title=Historical introduction - Hoxton, between Kingsland Road and Hoxton Street &#124; Survey of London: volume 8 (pp. 47-72) |publisher=British-history.ac.uk |date=2003-06-22 |access-date=2014-02-18}}</ref> including the poet [[Charles Lamb]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.blupete.com/Literature/Biographies/Literary/Lamb.htm |title=A Biographical Sketch by blupete: Charles ("Elia") Lamb (1775–1834) |publisher=Blupete.com |access-date=2014-02-18}}</ref><!---Note Mary Lamb was a patient at Fisher House, Islington - NOT Hoxton House !---> Over 500 pauper lunatics resided in closed wards,<ref>''The Mad-house Keepers of East London'', [[Encyclopædia Britannica]]</ref> and it remained the Naval Lunatic Asylum until 1818.<ref name=West/> The asylum closed in 1911; the only remains are by Hackney Community College, where a part of the house was incorporated into the school that replaced it in 1921.

In the late 17th Century, [[Hoxton Square]] and Charles Square were laid out, forming a popular area for residents. Non-conformist sects were attracted to the area, away from the restrictions of the [[City of London|City]]'s regulations.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}