Editing Horsepower (section)

==={{anchor|Metric horsepower|Metric|PS|cv|hk|pk|ks|ch}} Metric horsepower (PS, KM, cv, hk, pk, k, ks, ch)===
[[File:Horsepower plain.svg|thumb|right|One ''metric horsepower'' is needed to lift 75&nbsp;[[kilogram]]s by 1&nbsp;[[metre]] in 1&nbsp;[[second]].]]

The various units used to indicate this definition (''PS'', '' KM'', ''cv'', ''hk'', ''pk'', ''k'', ''ks'' and ''ch'') all translate to ''horse power'' in English. British manufacturers often intermix metric horsepower and mechanical horsepower depending on the origin of the engine in question.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://ateupwithmotor.com/terms-technology-definitions/gross-versus-net-horsepower/ | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20221202230849/https://ateupwithmotor.com/terms-technology-definitions/gross-versus-net-horsepower/ | archivedate = 2022-12-02 | title = Understanding Gross Versus Net Horsepower Ratings | work = Ate Up With Motor | date = 2008-04-15 | first = Aaron | last = Severson }}</ref>

[[Deutsches Institut für Normung|DIN]] 66036 defines one metric horsepower (Pferdestärke, or PS) as the power to raise a mass of 75 kilograms against the Earth's gravitational force over a distance of one metre in one second:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ptb.de/cms/fileadmin/internet/Themenrundgaenge/hueterin_der_einheiten/einheiten_d.pdf |title=Die gesetzlichen Einheiten in Deutschland |language=de |page=6 |trans-title=List of units of measure in Germany |publisher=Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) |access-date=13 November 2012 }}</ref> {{nowrap|75&nbsp;kg × 9.80665&nbsp;m/s<sup>2</sup> × 1&nbsp;m / 1&nbsp;s}} = 75&nbsp;[[Kilogram-force|{{abbr|kgf|Kilogram-force}}]]⋅m/s = 1&nbsp;PS. This is equivalent to 735.49875&nbsp;W, or 98.6% of an imperial horsepower. In 1972, the PS was replaced by the [[kilowatt]] as the official power-measuring unit in EEC directives.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=DD:I:1971_III:31971L0354:EN:PDF | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306071848/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A31971L0354 | archive-date=2021-03-06
|title=Council Directive 71/354/EEC: On the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to units of measurement |publisher=The Council of the European Communities
|date=18 October 1971 }}</ref>

Other names for the metric horsepower are the Italian {{lang|it|cavallo vapore (cv)}}, Dutch {{lang|nl|paardenkracht (pk)}}, the French {{lang|fr|cheval-vapeur (ch)}}, the Spanish {{lang|es|caballo de vapor}} and Portuguese {{lang|pt|cavalo-vapor (cv)}}, the Russian {{lang|ru|лошадиная сила (л.&nbsp;с.)}}, the Swedish {{lang|sv|hästkraft (hk)}}, the Finnish {{lang|fi|hevosvoima (hv)}}, the Estonian {{lang|et|hobujõud (hj)}}, the Norwegian and Danish {{lang|da|hestekraft (hk)}}, the Hungarian {{lang|hu|lóerő (LE)}}, the Czech {{lang|cs|koňská síla}} and Slovak {{lang|sk|konská sila (k}} or {{lang|sk|ks}}), the Serbo-Croatian {{lang|sh|konjska snaga (KS)}}, the Bulgarian {{lang|bg|конска сила}}, the Macedonian {{lang|mk|коњска сила (KC)}}, the Polish {{lang|pl|koń mechaniczny (KM)}} ({{literal translation|mechanical horse}}), Slovenian {{lang|sl|konjska moč (KM)}}, the Ukrainian {{lang|uk|кінська сила (к.&nbsp;с.)}}, the Romanian {{lang|ro|cal-putere (CP)}}, and the German {{lang|de|Pferdestärke (PS)}}.

In the 19th century, [[French Revolution|revolutionary-era France]] had its own unit used to replace the ''cheval vapeur'' (horsepower); based on a 100 [[kilogram-force|kgf]]⋅m/s standard, it was called the [[poncelet]] and was abbreviated ''p''.