Editing Holocene (section)

=== Europe ===
[[File:Doggerland3er en.png|thumb|European coastline: modern (left), during the early Holocene (center) and during the [[Last Glacial Maximum]] (right)]]
[[Drangajökull]], Iceland's northernmost glacier, melted shortly after 9,200 BP.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Harning |first1=David J. |last2=Geirsdóttir |first2=Áslaug |last3=Miller |first3=Gifford H. |last4=Zalzal |first4=Kate |date=1 December 2016 |title=Early Holocene deglaciation of Drangajökull, Vestfirðir, Iceland |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379116303924 |journal=[[Quaternary Science Reviews]] |language=en |volume=153 |pages=192–198 |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.09.030 |bibcode=2016QSRv..153..192H |access-date=9 June 2024 |via=Elsevier Science Direct}}</ref> In [[Northern Germany]], the Middle Holocene saw a drastic increase in the amount of raised bogs, most likely related to sea level rise. Although human activity affected geomorphology and landscape evolution in Northern Germany throughout the Holocene, it only became a dominant influence in the last four centuries.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gerdes |first1=G |last2=Petzelberger |first2=B. E. M |last3=Scholz-Böttcher |first3=B. M |last4=Streif |first4=H |date=1 January 2003 |title=The record of climatic change in the geological archives of shallow marine, coastal, and adjacent lowland areas of Northern Germany |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223226453 |journal=[[Quaternary Science Reviews]] |series=Environmental response to climate and human impact in central Europe during the last 15000 years – a German contribution to PAGES-PEPIII |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=101–124 |bibcode=2003QSRv...22..101G |doi=10.1016/S0277-3791(02)00183-X |issn=0277-3791 |access-date=27 October 2023}}</ref> In the [[French Alps]], geochemistry and lithium isotope signatures in lake sediments have suggested gradual soil formation from the [[Last Glacial Period]] to the [[Holocene climatic optimum]], and this soil development was altered by the settlement of human societies. Early anthropogenic activities such as deforestation and agriculture reinforced soil erosion, which peaked in the [[Middle Ages]] at an unprecedented level, marking human forcing as the most powerful factor affecting surface processes.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Xu (Yvon) |last2=Bajard |first2=Manon |last3=Bouchez |first3=Julien |last4=Sabatier |first4=Pierre |last5=Poulenard |first5=Jérôme |last6=Arnaud |first6=Fabien |last7=Crouzet |first7=Christian |last8=Kuessner |first8=Marie |last9=Dellinger |first9=Mathieu |last10=Gaillardet |first10=Jérôme |date=2023-12-15 |title=Evolution of the alpine Critical Zone since the Last Glacial Period using Li isotopes from lake sediments |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X23004764 |journal=Earth and Planetary Science Letters |volume=624 |pages=118463 |doi=10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118463 |bibcode=2023E&PSL.62418463Z |issn=0012-821X|hdl=10852/110062 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> The sedimentary record from [[Aitoliko Lagoon]] indicates that wet winters locally predominated from 210 to 160 BP, followed by dry winter dominance from 160 to 20 BP.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Koutsodendris |first1=Andreas |last2=Brauer |first2=Achim |last3=Reed |first3=Jane M. |last4=Plessen |first4=Birgit |last5=Friedrich |first5=Oliver |last6=Hennrich |first6=Barbara |last7=Zacharias |first7=Ierotheos |last8=Pross |first8=Jörg |date=1 March 2017 |title=Climate variability in SE Europe since 1450 AD based on a varved sediment record from Etoliko Lagoon (Western Greece) |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379117300471 |journal=[[Quaternary Science Reviews]] |language=en |volume=159 |pages=63–76 |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.01.010 |bibcode=2017QSRv..159...63K |access-date=19 July 2024 |via=Elsevier Science Direct}}</ref>