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=== Field hockey === {{multiple image | perrow = 3 | total_width = 500 | align = right | direction = horizontal | image1 = Field hockey at the 2012 Summer Olympics - NZL-AUS (7796665032).jpg | image2 = Österreichische Hallenhockeyliga D 2018 HC Wels vs AHTC-3676.jpg | image3 = Spielszene2 Beach-Hockey.JPG | footer = [[Field hockey]], [[Indoor hockey]] and beach hockey }} {{main|Field hockey}} Field hockey is played on gravel, natural grass, or sand-based or water-based [[artificial turf]], with a small, hard ball approximately 73 mm (2.9 in) in diameter. The game is popular among both men and women in many parts of the world, particularly in [[Europe]], [[Asia]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], [[South Africa]], and [[Argentina]]. In most countries, the game is played between single-sex sides, although they can be mixed-sex. The governing body is the 126-member [[International Hockey Federation]] (FIH). Men's field hockey has been played at every [[Field hockey at the Summer Olympics|Summer Olympic Games]] since 1908 except for 1912 and 1924, while women's field hockey has been played at the Summer Olympic Games since 1980. Modern [[field hockey stick]]s are constructed of a composite of wood, glass fibre or carbon fibre (sometimes both) and are J-shaped, with a curved hook at the playing end, a flat surface on the playing side and a curved surface on the rear side. All sticks are right-handed – left-handed sticks are not permitted. While field hockey in its current form appeared in mid-18th century [[England]], primarily in schools, it was not until the first half of the 19th century that it became firmly established. The first club was created in 1849 at [[Blackheath, London|Blackheath]] in south-east [[London]]. Field hockey is the [[national sport]] of [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.surfindia.com/sports/field-hockey.html |title=Hockey in Pakistan |access-date=June 18, 2011}}</ref> It was the national sport of [[India]] until the [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (India)|Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports]] declared in August 2012 that India has no national sport.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/Hockey-is-not-our-national-game-Ministry/articleshow/15322482.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130415033211/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-02/top-stories/33000002_1_national-game-hockey-team-indian-hockey-federation |url-status=live |archive-date=April 15, 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Hockey is not our national game: Ministry |access-date=May 3, 2013 }}</ref> ==== Indoor hockey ==== {{Main|Indoor hockey}} Indoor hockey is an indoor variant of [[field hockey]]. It is similar to the outdoor game in that two teams compete to move a hard ball into the goal of the opposing side using [[hockey stick]]s. Indoor hockey is played on a smaller area and between smaller teams than field hockey and the sidelines are replaced by solid barriers from which the ball rebounds and remains in play.
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