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====Birthplace of baseball==== [[File:Baseball at Elysian Fields, Hoboken, NJ in 1866.jpg|thumb|left|Early baseball game played at [[Elysian Fields (Hoboken, New Jersey)|Elysian Fields]]]] [[File:1.20.10ElysianFieldsMarkerByLuigiNovi.jpg|thumb|A historic marker stands at the intersection of 11th and Washington Streets, former site of Elysian Fields]] The first officially recorded game of [[baseball]] took place in Hoboken in 1846 between [[Knickerbocker Base Ball Club of New York|Knickerbocker Club]] and New York Nine at [[Elysian Fields, Hoboken, New Jersey|Elysian Fields]].<ref>Sullivan, Dean A. [https://books.google.com/books?id=TKbXIHDH1TQC "Early Innings: A Documentary History of Baseball, 1825β1908"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112160123/https://books.google.com/books?id=TKbXIHDH1TQC |date=January 12, 2016 }}, [[University of Nebraska Press]], 1997. {{ISBN|9780803292444}}. Accessed September 1, 2015.</ref> In 1845, the Knickerbocker Club, which had been founded by [[Alexander Cartwright]], began using Elysian Fields to play [[baseball]] due to the lack of suitable grounds on [[Manhattan]].<ref>Nieves, Evelyn. [https://www.nytimes.com/1996/04/03/nyregion/our-towns-in-hoboken-dreams-of-eclipsing-the-cooperstown-baseball-legend.html "Our Towns; In Hoboken, Dreams of Eclipsing the Cooperstown Baseball Legend"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111042118/http://www.nytimes.com/1996/04/03/nyregion/our-towns-in-hoboken-dreams-of-eclipsing-the-cooperstown-baseball-legend.html |date=November 11, 2017 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', April 3, 1996. Accessed February 1, 2012.</ref> Team members included players of the [[St George's Cricket Club]], the brothers [[Harry Wright|Harry]] and [[George Wright (sportsman)|George Wright]], and [[Henry Chadwick (writer)|Henry Chadwick]], the English-born journalist who coined the term "America's Pastime".{{citation needed|date=June 2023}} By the 1850s, several [[Manhattan]]-based members of the [[National Association of Base Ball Players]] were using the grounds as their home field while St. George's continued to organize international matches between Canada, England and the United States at the same venue. In 1859, [[George Parr (cricketer)|George Parr]]'s All England Eleven of professional cricketers played the United States XXII at Hoboken, easily defeating the local competition. Sam Wright and his sons Harry and George Wright played on the defeated United States team, a loss which inadvertently encouraged local players to take up baseball. Henry Chadwick believed that baseball and not cricket should become the national pastime after the game drawing the conclusion that amateur American players did not have the leisure time required to develop cricket skills to the high technical level required of professional players. [[Harry Wright]] and [[George Wright (sportsman)|George Wright]] then became two of the first professional baseball players in the United States when Aaron Champion raised funds to found the [[Cincinnati Red Stockings]] in 1869.{{citation needed|date=June 2023}} In 1865, the grounds hosted a championship match between the [[New York Mutuals|Mutual Club]] of New York City and the [[Brooklyn Atlantics|Atlantic Club]] of [[Brooklyn]] that was attended by an estimated 20,000 fans and captured in the [[Currier & Ives]] [[lithograph]] "The American National Game of Base Ball".<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/resource/pga.00600/ "The American national game of base ball. Grand match for the championship at the Elysian Fields, Hoboken, N.J."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331185026/https://www.loc.gov/resource/pga.00600/ |date=March 31, 2016 }}, [[Library of Congress]]. Accessed September 1, 2015.</ref> With the construction of two significant baseball parks enclosed by fences in [[Brooklyn]], enabling promoters there to charge admission to games, the prominence of [[Elysian Fields, Hoboken, New Jersey|Elysian Fields]] diminished. In 1868 the leading [[Manhattan]] club, [[New York Mutuals|Mutual]], shifted its home games to the [[Union Grounds]] in Brooklyn. In 1880, the founders of the [[New York Metropolitans]] and [[New York Giants (NL)|New York Giants]] finally succeeded in siting a ballpark in Manhattan that became known as the [[Polo Grounds]].{{citation needed|date=June 2023}}
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