Editing History of Uganda (section)

==Uganda since 1979==
{{main|History of Uganda (1979–present)}}
After Amin's removal, the Uganda National Liberation Front formed an interim government with [[Yusuf Lule]] as president and [[Jeremiah Lucas Opira]] as the Secretary-General of the UNLF. This government adopted a ministerial system of administration and created a quasi-parliamentary organ known as the National Consultative Commission (NCC). The NCC and the Lule cabinet reflected widely differing political views. In June 1979, following a dispute over the extent of presidential powers, the NCC replaced Lule with [[Godfrey Binaisa]].

In a continuing dispute over the powers of the interim presidency, Binaisa was removed in May 1980. Thereafter, Uganda was ruled by a military commission chaired by [[Paulo Muwanga]]. The December 1980 elections returned the UPC to power under Milton Obote's leadership, with Muwanga serving as vice president. Under Obote, the security forces had one of the world's worst human rights records. In their efforts to stamp out an [[insurgency]] led by [[Yoweri Museveni]], they laid waste to a substantial section of the country, especially in the Luwero area north of [[Kampala]].

[[Image:Acholiland, Uganda.png|thumb|right|300px|[[Acholiland]] in the north]]The insurgency, the so-called "[[Ugandan Bush War|bush war]]", was conducted by the [[National Resistance Army]] (NRA), under the leadership of [[Yoweri Museveni]], and other rebel groups including the Federal Democratic Movement led by Andrew Kayiira and another led by John Nkwaanga. During the conflict the army carried out mass killings of non-combatants.<ref>Henry Wasswa, “Uganda's first prime minister, and two-time president, dead at 80,” Associated Press, 10 October 2005</ref>

Obote was [[1985 Ugandan coup d'état|overthrown]] on 27 July 1985, when an army brigade, composed mostly of ethnic Acholi troops and commanded by Lt. Gen. [[Bazilio Olara-Okello]], took Kampala and proclaimed a military government. Obote fled to exile in [[Zambia]]. The new regime, headed by former defense force commander Gen. [[Tito Okello]] (no relation to Lt. Gen. Olara-Okello), opened negotiations with Museveni's insurgent forces and pledged to improve respect for human rights, end tribal rivalry, and conduct free and fair elections. In the meantime, massive human rights violations continued as the Okello government carried out a brutal [[counter-insurgency]] in an attempt to destroy the NRA's support.

Negotiations between the Okello government and the NRA were conducted in [[Nairobi]] in the fall of 1985, with [[Kenyan President]] [[Daniel arap Moi]] seeking a [[ceasefire]] and a [[coalition government]] in Uganda. Although agreeing in late 1985 to a ceasefire, the NRA continued fighting and seized Kampala and the country in late January 1986, forcing Okello's forces to flee north into [[Sudan]]. Museveni's forces organized a government with Museveni as president.

After assuming power, the government dominated by the political grouping created by Museveni and his followers, the [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM or the "Movement"), largely put an end to the human rights abuses of earlier governments, initiated substantial political liberalization and general press freedom, and instituted broad economic reforms after consultation with the [[International Monetary Fund]], World Bank, and donor governments......

However, from 1986 to 1994, a variety of rebel groups waged a civil war against the Ugandan government of President Museveni. Most of the fighting took place in the country's north and east, although the western and central regions were also affected. The most important insurgent factions were the Uganda People's Democratic Army (UPDA), the Uganda People's Army (UPA), Alice Auma's Holy Spirit Movement (HSM), and Joseph Kony's army (which later became the Lord's Resistance Army). For further details see [[War in Uganda (1986-1994)]].

In 1996, Uganda was a key supporter of the overthrow of [[Zaire]]an President [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] in the [[First Congo War]] in favor of rebel leader [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]].

===21st century===
Between 1998 and 2003, the [[Uganda People's Defence Force|Ugandan Army]] was involved in the [[Second Congo War]] in the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].{{citation needed|date=November 2020}} Uganda continues to support rebel groups there such as the [[Movement for the Liberation of Congo]] and some factions of the [[Rally for Congolese Democracy]].{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}

August 2005, [[Parliament of Uganda|Parliament]] voted to change the [[constitution of Uganda|constitution]] to lift presidential term limits, allowing Museveni to run for a third term if he wished to do so. In a [[Uganda multiparty referendum, 2005|referendum in July 2005]], 92.5 percent of voters supported the restoration of multiparty politics, thereby scrapping the no-party or "movement" system. [[Kizza Besigye]], Museveni's political rival, returned from exile in October 2005 and was a presidential candidate during the 2006 elections. In the same month, Obote died in [[South Africa]]. Museveni won the February 2006 presidential election.
 
In 2009, the [[The Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2014|Anti-Homosexuality Bill]] was proposed and under consideration.<ref name="bbc1">{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/8308912.stm |title=BBC News: Uganda MP urges death for gay sex |date=15 October 2009 |access-date=2009-12-06 |archive-date=2022-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226105430/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8308912.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> It was proposed on 13 October 2009 by [[Member of Parliament]] [[David Bahati]] and, had it been enacted, would have broadened the criminalization of [[homosexuality]] in Uganda; introduced the [[death penalty]] for people who have previous convictions, are [[HIV]]-positive, or engage in sexual acts with those under 18;<ref>{{cite news | url= http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2009/10/15/ugandan-mp-proposes-that-gays-should-be-executed/ | title= Ugandan MP proposes that gays should be executed | newspaper= Pink News | first= Jessica | last= Geen | date=15 October 2009 | access-date=21 October 2009}}</ref> introduced [[extradition]] for those engaging in same-sex sexual relations outside Uganda; and, penalized individuals, companies, media organizations, or [[non-governmental organization]]s who supported [[LGBT rights in Uganda|LGBT rights]].{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}

On 11 July 2010, [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|al-Shabaab]] bombers [[2010 Kampala bombings|killed 74 people]] in [[Kampala]]. On 13 September 2014, the Ugandan security and [[intelligence service]]s, with the assistance of the [[United States]], identified and foiled a major [[terrorist]] attack in Kampala. They recovered [[suicide vest]]s, [[improvised explosive device]]s, and [[small arms]], and they arrested 19 people who were suspected to have had links to al-Shabaab.<ref name="online.wsj.com">{{cite news | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/uganda-forces-discover-suicide-vests-ieds-at-suspected-terrorist-cell-1410783132 | title=Uganda Forces Discover Suicide Vests, Explosives at Suspected Terrorist Cell | newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] | first=Nicholas | last=Bariyo | date=15 September 2014 | access-date=20 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.newsweek.com/ugandan-police-seize-explosives-suicide-vests-suspected-al-shabaab-cell-270345 | title=UGANDAN POLICE SEIZE EXPLOSIVES, SUICIDE VESTS FROM SUSPECTED AL SHABAAB CELL | agency=[[Reuters]] | via=[[Newsweek]] | date=14 September 2014 | access-date=20 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-09-15/uganda-raids-suspected-terror-cell/5743746 | title=Uganda seizes explosives, suicide vests from suspected terrorist cell in capital of Kampala | publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation | date=14 September 2015 | access-date=20 May 2017}}</ref> This attack could have been as substantial as the [[Westgate shopping mall attack|attack in Nairobi]] during the previous year at [[Westgate, Nairobi|Westgate Mall]].<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/interactive/2013/oct/04/westgate-mall-attacks-kenya-terror#undefined] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422014408/http://www.theguardian.com/world/interactive/2013/oct/04/westgate-mall-attacks-kenya-terror|date=2016-04-22}}</ref> Instead, it was a failure for al-Shabaab.<ref name="online.wsj.com"/>

The [[2016 Ugandan general election]] was held in Uganda on 18 February 2016 to elect the president and parliament. Polling day was declared a national holiday.<ref name=NV>[http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/675287-uganda-elections-polling-date-set-on-feb-18-2016.html "Uganda elections polling date set on Feb 18, 2016"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211073442/http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/675287-uganda-elections-polling-date-set-on-feb-18-2016.html |date=December 11, 2015 }}, ''New Vision'', 4 November 2015.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Uganda Discovered the Zika Virus. And the Solution for It.|url = https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/02/10/uganda-discovered-the-zika-virus-and-the-solution-for-it/|website = Foreign Policy|access-date = 2016-02-11}}</ref> Ahead of the election, Museveni described the formation of an [[East African Federation]] uniting Uganda, [[Tanzania]], [[Kenya]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], and [[South Sudan]] as "the number one target that we should aim at."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://europe.newsweek.com/ugandas-museveni-wants-create-east-african-superstate-424975?rm=eu|title=Ahead of election, Museveni says he wants to build East African superstate #UgandaDecides|newspaper=Newsweek|access-date=2016-10-22}}</ref> In September 2018 a committee was formed to begin the process of drafting a regional constitution,<ref name="theeastafrican.co.ke">{{cite web|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Dream-of-a-United-States-of-East-Africa/4552908-4783896-glbl64/index.html|title=Ready for a United States of East Africa?|date=6 July 2020 }}</ref> and a draft constitution for a confederation is set to be written by 2021, with implementation of the confederacy by 2023.<ref name="East African 2">{{cite web |last=Havyarimana |first=Moses |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/East-africa-experts-draft-confederation-constitution/4552908-5422610-11fx1ge/index.html |title=Regional experts draft confederation constitution |work=[[The EastAfrican]] |date=18 January 2020 |access-date=24 February 2020}}</ref>

The [[2021 Ugandan general election]] re-elected president Museveni to a sixth term, but international observers complained of government violence and disinformation, suppression of independent media and opposition campaigning, the arrest of opposition leaders, the shutdown of the Internet, and harassment of observers.  According to official results, Museveni won the elections with 58% of the vote while popstar-turned-politician [[Bobi Wine]] had 35%. The opposition challenged the result because of allegations of widespread fraud and irregularities.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55675887|title = Uganda elections 2021: Museveni takes lead as Bobi Wine cries foul|work = BBC News|date = 16 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/uganda-election-bobi-wine-challenges-result-in-court/a-56405583|title = Uganda election: Bobi Wine challenges result in court &#124; DW &#124; 01.02.2021| website=[[Deutsche Welle]] }}</ref>