Editing History of Kazakhstan (section)

==Kazakh Khanate (1465–1847)==
{{main|Kazakh Khanate|First Civil War (Kazakh Khanate)}}
After the dissolution of Golden Horde, on most of the territory of modern Kazakhstan, the [[Uzbek Khanate]] was formed. Under [[Abu'l-Khayr Khan]], the country was weak and the government was corrupt. Two children of [[Barak Khan]], [[Janibek Khan|Janibek]] and [[Kerei Khan]] gathered Kazakh people to Jetysu, where they founded Independent [[Kazakh Khanate]].

In 1500, the Uzbeks concluded peace with the Kazakhs, and the Kazakh Khanate gains its sovereignty from Uzbek control. All the former Uzbek Khanate lands in the north of [[Syr Darya]] were transferred to the Kazakh Khanate.

During the reign of [[Kasym Khan]] (1511–1523), the khanate expanded considerably. Numerous victories in wars against neighbouring countries made the Khanate's reputation and country well known even in Western Europe. The first Kazakh code of laws, ''Qasym Khannyn Qasqa Zholy'' (Bright Road of Kasym Khan), was also established in 1520.

Between 1522 and 1538, the Khanate experienced its [[First Civil War (Kazakh Khanate)|first civil war]].

The khanate is described in historical texts such as the ''Tarikh-i-Rashidi'' (1541–1545) by [[Muhammad Haidar Dughlat]]<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2017-12-19 |title=2017. Vol. 5, no. 4. Nurlan Kenzheakhmet |url=http://goldhorde.ru/en/stati2017-4-5/ |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=Золотоордынское обозрение |language=en-US |doi=10.22378/2313-6197.2017-5-4.770-785|doi-access=free }}</ref> and ''Zhamigi-at-Tavarikh'' (1598–1599) by Kadyrgali Kosynuli Zhalayir.

In 1643, the [[Kazakh–Dzungar Wars|Kazakh-Dzungar wars]] unfolded and became a disaster for the Kazakhs. The Khanate's population was divided into three tribes, called [[Kazakh tribes|juzes]]: senior, middle and junior. During the reign of [[Ablai Khan]] (1771–1781), he united all Kazakhs to fight the Dzungars.

In the 19th century, the [[Russian Empire]] showed interest in [[Emirate of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]] and to reach it, Russia invaded the Kazakh lands. To confront Russian invasion, the last Khan - Kenesary Khan organized riots, starting from 1837 and ending in 1847 due to the execution of Kenesary.