Editing History of Indonesia (section)

===Mataram===
{{Main|Mataram Kingdom}}
[[File:Prambanan Temple, around sunrise, 23 November 2013.jpg|thumb|left|[[Prambanan]] in [[Java (island)|Java]] was built during the [[Sanjaya dynasty]] of [[Mataram Kingdom]]; it is one of the largest Hindu temple complexes in Southeast Asia.]]

[[Mataram Kingdom|Mataram Empire]], sometimes referred to as Mataram Kingdom,<ref>Kusumayudha S.B., Murwanto H., Sutarto, Choiriyah S.U. (2019) [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-02032-3_8#citeas Volcanic Disaster and the Decline of Mataram Kingdom in the Central Java, Indonesia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801235040/https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-02032-3_8#citeas |date=1 August 2020}}. In: Wasowski J., Dijkstra T. (eds) Recent Research on Engineering Geology and Geological Engineering. GeoMEast 2018. Sustainable Civil Infrastructures. Springer, Cham</ref> was an [[Indianized kingdom]] based in Central Java around modern-day [[Yogyakarta]] between the 8th and 10th centuries. The kingdom was ruled by the [[Sailendra]] dynasty, and later by the [[Sanjaya dynasty]]. The centre of the kingdom was moved from central Java to East Java by [[Mpu Sindok]]. An eruption of the volcano [[Mount Merapi]] in 929, and political pressure from Sailendrans based in the [[Srivijaya Empire]] may have caused the move.

The first king of [[Mataram Kingdom|Mataram]], [[Sri Sanjaya]], left [[Canggal inscription|inscriptions in stone]].<ref name="holing">{{cite journal |journal=Indonesia |title=In Search of "Ho-Ling" |author=W. J. van der Meulen| volume=23 |issue=23 |year=1977 |pages=87–112 |doi=10.2307/3350886|jstor=3350886}}</ref> The monumental Hindu temple of [[Prambanan]] in the vicinity of Yogyakarta was built by [[Rakai Pikatan|Pikatan]]. [[Dharmawangsa]] ordered the translation of the [[Mahabharata]] into [[Old Javanese]] in 996.

In the period 750 CE – 850 CE, the kingdom saw the blossoming of classical Javanese art and architecture. A rapid increase in [[Candi of Indonesia|temple construction]] occurred across the landscape of its heartland in [[Yogyakarta|Mataram]] ([[Kedu Plain|Kedu]] and [[Kewu Plain]]). The most notable temples constructed in Mataram are [[Kalasan]], [[Sewu]], [[Borobudur]] and [[Prambanan]]. The Empire had become the supreme power not only in [[Java]] but also over [[Srivijaya|Srivijayan Empire]], [[Bali]], [[Ligor|southern Thailand]], some [[Philippine]] kingdoms, and [[Khmer Empire|Khmer]] in [[Cambodia]].<ref>Coedès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella, ed. The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8248-0368-1}}.</ref>

[[File:Candi_Sewu_viewed_from_the_south,_23_November_2013.jpg|thumb|right|[[Sewu]] temple in [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]]]

Later in its history, the dynasty divided into two dynasties based on their own religion, the [[Shailendra dynasty|Buddhist]] and [[Sanjaya dynasty|Shivaist]] dynasties. Civil war was unavoidable and the outcome was Mataram Empire divided into two powerful kingdom based on region and religion. The [[Sanjaya dynasty|Shivaist dynasty]] of Mataram kingdom in [[Java]] led by [[Rakai Pikatan]] and the [[Shailendra dynasty|Buddhist dynasty]] of [[Srivijaya]] kingdom in [[Sumatra]] led by [[Balaputradewa]]. The hostility between them didn't end until in 1006 when the Sailendran based in Srivijaya kingdom incited rebellion by Wurawari, vassal of Mataram kingdom and sacked Shivaist dynasty's capital in [[Jombang Regency|Watugaluh]], Java. Srivijaya kingdom rose into undisputed hegemonic Empire in the era as the result. Yet the Shivaist dynasty survived and successfully reclaimed the east Java in 1019 then descended to [[Kahuripan|Kahuripan kingdom]] led by [[Airlangga]] son of [[Udayana]] of [[Bali]].<ref>{{harvp|Brown|2003|p=23}}</ref>