Editing Hippie (section)

===1965–1967: Rise to prevalence===
During the summer of 1965, Laughlin recruited much of the original talent that led to a unique amalgam of traditional folk music and the developing psychedelic rock scene.<ref name="Works">{{Citation
 | author = Works, Mary (Director)
 | year = 2005
 | title = Rockin' At the Red Dog: The Dawn of Psychedelic Rock
 | publisher = Monterey Video
}}</ref> He and his cohorts created at this very place what became known as "[[Red Dog Experience|The Red Dog Experience]]", featuring previously unknown musical acts—[[Grateful Dead]], [[Jefferson Airplane]], [[Big Brother and the Holding Company]], [[Quicksilver Messenger Service]], [[The Charlatans (U.S. band)|the Charlatans]], and others—who played in the completely refurbished, intimate setting of Nevada, Virginia City's "Red Dog Saloon". There was no clear delineation between "performers" and "audience" in "The Red Dog Experience", during which music, psychedelic experimentation, a unique sense of personal style, and Bill Ham's first primitive light shows combined to create a new sense of community.<ref name="Ham">{{Citation
  | title = Bill Ham Lights
  | year = 2001
  | url = http://www.billhamlights.com
}}</ref> Laughlin and George Hunter of the Charlatans were true "proto-hippies", with their [[long hair]], boots, and outrageous clothing of 19th-century American (and Native American) heritage.<ref name="Works" /> LSD manufacturer [[Owsley Stanley]] lived in Berkeley during 1965 and provided much of the LSD that became a seminal part of the "Red Dog Experience", the early evolution of psychedelic rock and budding hippie culture. At the "Red Dog Saloon", the Charlatans were the first psychedelic rock band to play live (albeit unintentionally) loaded on LSD.<ref name="Lau">{{Citation
 |last=Lau
 |first=Andrew
 |title=The Red Dog Saloon and the Amazing Charlatans
 |publisher=Perfect Sound Forever
 |date=December 1, 2005
 |url=http://www.furious.com/perfect/reddogsaloon.html
 |access-date=2007-09-01
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180544/https://www.furious.com/perfect/reddogsaloon.html
 |archive-date=September 30, 2007
}}</ref>

When they returned to San Francisco, "Red Dog" participants Luria Castell, Ellen Harman and [[Alton Kelley]] created a collective called "the Family Dog."<ref name="Works" /> Modeled on their "Red Dog experiences", on October 16, 1965, the "Family Dog" hosted "[[Doctor Strange|A Tribute to Dr. Strange]]" at Longshoreman's Hall.<ref name="Grunenberg_2005_325">{{harvnb|Grunenberg|Harris|2005|p=325}}.</ref> Attended by approximately one thousand of the Bay Area's original "hippies", this was San Francisco's first [[psychedelic rock]] performance, costumed dance and light show, featuring [[Jefferson Airplane]], [[The Great Society (band)|the Great Society]] and the Marbles.<ref>{{citation| url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/05/20/MNG2NPUD1C1.DTL&ao=all | work=The San Francisco Chronicle | first=Joel | last=Selvin | title=Summer of Love: 40 Years Later / 1967: The stuff that myths are made of | date=June 24, 2011}}</ref> Two other events followed before year's end, one at "California Hall" and one at "the Matrix".<ref name="Works" /> After the first three "Family Dog" events, a much larger psychedelic event occurred at San Francisco's "Longshoreman's Hall". Called the "[[Trips Festival]]", it took place on January 21 – 23, 1966, and was organized by [[Stewart Brand]], [[Ken Kesey]], [[Owsley Stanley]] and others. Ten thousand people attended this sold-out event, with a thousand more turned away each night.<ref name="Tamony_1981_98">{{harvnb|Tamony|1981|p=98}}.</ref> On Saturday January 22, the [[Grateful Dead]] and [[Big Brother and the Holding Company]] came on stage, and six thousand people arrived to imbibe punch spiked with LSD and to witness one of the first fully developed light shows of the era.<ref>{{Citation|last=Dodgson |first=Rick |title=Prankster History Project |website=Pranksterweb.org |year=2001 |url=http://www.pranksterweb.org/trips.htm |access-date=2007-10-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011133826/http://pranksterweb.org/trips.htm |archive-date=October 11, 2007 }}</ref>

{{Quote_box
| width = 20%
| align = right
| quote = It is nothing new. We have a private revolution going on. A revolution of individuality and diversity that can only be private. Upon becoming a group movement, such a revolution ends up with imitators rather than participants...It is essentially a striving for ''realization'' of one's ''relationship'' to life and other people...
| source = Bob Stubbs, "Unicorn Philosophy"<ref name="Perry_2005_18">{{harvnb|Perry|2005|p=18}}.</ref>
}}

By February 1966, the "Family Dog" became "Family Dog Productions" under organizer [[Chet Helms]], promoting happenings at the [[Avalon Ballroom]] and the [[The Fillmore|Fillmore Auditorium]] in initial cooperation with [[Bill Graham (promoter)|Bill Graham]]. The Avalon Ballroom, the Fillmore Auditorium, and other venues provided settings where participants could partake of the full psychedelic music experience. Bill Ham, who had pioneered the original "Red Dog" light shows, perfected his art of [[Liquid light show|liquid light projection]], which combined light shows and film projection and became [[wikt:synonymous#Pronunciation|synonymous]] with the "San Francisco ballroom experience".<ref name="Works" /><ref name="Grunenberg_2005_156">{{harvnb|Grunenberg|Harris|2005|p=156}}.</ref> The sense of style and costume that began at the "Red Dog Saloon" flourished when [[Fox Theatre (San Francisco)|San Francisco's Fox Theater]] went out of business and hippies bought up its costume stock, reveling in the freedom to dress up for weekly musical performances at their favorite ballrooms. As ''San Francisco Chronicle'' music columnist [[Ralph J. Gleason]] put it, "They danced all night long, orgiastic, spontaneous and completely free form."<ref name="Works" />

Some of the earliest San Francisco hippies were former students at [[San Francisco State University|San Francisco State College]]<ref>The college was later renamed San Francisco State University.</ref> who became intrigued by the developing psychedelic hippie music scene.<ref name="Works" /> These students joined the bands they loved, living communally in the large, inexpensive [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]] apartments in the [[Haight-Ashbury]].<ref name="Perry_2005_57">{{harvnb|Perry|2005|pp=5–7}}. Perry writes that San Francisco State College students rented cheap, Edwardian-Victorians houses and apartments in the Haight.</ref> Young Americans around the country began moving to San Francisco, and by June 1966, around 15,000 hippies had moved into the Haight.<ref name="Tompkins_2001b" /> [[The Charlatans (U.S. band)|the Charlatans]], [[Jefferson Airplane]], [[Big Brother and the Holding Company]], and the [[Grateful Dead]] all moved to San Francisco's Haight-Ashbury neighborhood during this period. Activity centered on the [[Diggers (theater)|Diggers]], a guerrilla street [[theatre]] group that combined spontaneous street theatre, anarchistic action, and [[Happening|art happenings]] in their agenda to create a "free city". By late 1966, [[Diggers (theater)|the Diggers]] opened [[free stores]] which simply gave away their stock, provided free food, distributed free drugs, gave away money, organized free music concerts, and performed works of political art.<ref name="Lytle_2006_213215">{{harvnb|Lytle|2006|pp=213, 215}}.</ref>

On October 6, 1966, the state of California declared LSD a controlled substance, which made the drug illegal.<ref name="Columbia">{{Citation
  | last1 = Farber
  | first1 = David
  | last2 = Bailey
  | first2 = Beth L.
  | title = The Columbia Guide to America in the 1960s
  | page = 145
  | publisher = Columbia University Press
  | year = 2001
  | isbn = 0-231-11373-0
}}</ref> In response to the criminalization of LSD, San Francisco hippies staged a gathering in the [[Panhandle (San Francisco)|Golden Gate Park panhandle]], called the [[Love Pageant Rally]],<ref name="Columbia" /> attracting an estimated 700–800 people.<ref>{{Citation
  | last = Charters
  | first = Ann
  | author-link = Ann Charters
  | title = The Portable Sixties Reader
  | page = [https://archive.org/details/portablesixtiesr0000unse/page/298 298]
  | publisher = Penguin Classics
  | year = 2003
  | isbn = 0-14-200194-5
  | url = https://archive.org/details/portablesixtiesr0000unse/page/298
  }}</ref> As explained by Allan Cohen, co-founder of the ''[[San Francisco Oracle]]'', the purpose of the rally was twofold: to draw attention to the fact that LSD had just been made illegal—and to demonstrate that people who used LSD were not criminals, nor were they mentally ill. The Grateful Dead played, and some sources claim that LSD was consumed at the rally. According to Cohen, those who took LSD "were not guilty of using illegal substances...We were celebrating transcendental consciousness, the beauty of the universe, the beauty of being."<ref name="Lee_Shlain_1992_149">{{harvnb|Lee|Shlain|1992|p=149}}.</ref>

In [[West Hollywood]], [[California]], the [[Sunset Strip curfew riots]], also known as the "hippie riots", were a series of early [[Counterculture of the 1960s|counterculture]]-era clashes that took place between police and young people in 1966 and continuing on and off through the early 1970s. In 1966, annoyed residents and business owners in the district had encouraged the passage of strict (10:00&nbsp;p.m.) [[curfew]] and [[loitering]] laws to reduce the traffic congestion resulting from crowds of young club patrons.<ref name="LATimes 2007-08-05">{{citation| first = Cecilia| last = Rasmussen| date = August 5, 2007| title = Closing of club ignited the 'Sunset Strip riots' | newspaper = [[Los Angeles Times]] | url = https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-aug-05-me-then5-story.html}}</ref> This was perceived by young, local rock music fans as an infringement on their [[civil rights]], and on Saturday, November 12, 1966, fliers were distributed along the Strip inviting people to demonstrate later that day. Hours before the protest one of the rock 'n' roll radio stations in L.A. announced there would be a rally at [[Pandora's Box (nightclub)|Pandora's Box]], a club at the corner of [[Sunset Boulevard]] and Crescent Heights, and cautioned people to tread carefully.<ref name="Priore 2007">{{citation| last = Priore| first = Domenic| year = 2007| title = Riot on Sunset Strip: Rock 'n' Roll's Last Stand in Hollywood| publisher = Jawbone Press| isbn = 978-1-906002-04-6}}</ref> The ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' reported that as many as 1,000 youthful demonstrators, including such celebrities as [[Jack Nicholson]] and [[Peter Fonda]] (who was afterward handcuffed by police), erupted in protest against the perceived repressive enforcement of these recently invoked curfew laws.<ref name="LATimes 2007-08-05" /> This incident provided the basis for the 1967 low-budget teen [[exploitation film]] ''[[Riot on Sunset Strip]]'', and inspired multiple songs including the famous [[Buffalo Springfield]] song "[[For What It's Worth (Buffalo Springfield song)|For What It's Worth]]".<ref name="Stone">{{citation|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/for-what-its-worth-inside-buffalo-springfield-classic-w449685|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|title='For What It's Worth': Inside Buffalo Springfield's Classic Protest Song|author=David Browne|date=November 11, 2016|access-date=August 29, 2017|archive-date=June 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141515/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/for-what-its-worth-inside-buffalo-springfield-classic-w449685|url-status=dead}}</ref>