Editing Hexadecimal (section)

===Other symbols for 10–15 and mostly different symbol sets===

The use of the letters ''A'' through ''F'' to represent the digits above 9 was not universal in the early history of computers.
* During the 1950s, some installations, such as Bendix-14, favored using the digits 0 through 5 with an [[overline]] to denote the values {{nowrap|10–15}} as {{overline|0}}, {{overline|1}}, {{overline|2}}, {{overline|3}}, {{overline|4}} and {{overline|5}}.
* The [[SWAC (computer)|SWAC]] (1950)<ref name="Savard_2018_CA"/> and [[Bendix G-15]] (1956)<ref name="Bendix"/><ref name="Savard_2018_CA"/> computers used the lowercase letters ''u'', ''v'', ''w'', ''x'', ''y'' and ''z'' for the values 10 to 15.
* The [[ORDVAC]] and [[ILLIAC I]] (1952) computers (and some derived designs, e.g. [[BRLESC]]) used the uppercase letters ''K'', ''S'', ''N'', ''J'', ''F'' and ''L'' for the values 10 to 15.<ref name="Illiac-I"/><ref name="Savard_2018_CA"/>
* The Librascope [[LGP-30]] (1956) used the letters ''F'', ''G'', ''J'', ''K'', ''Q'' and ''W'' for the values 10 to 15.<ref name="RP_1957_LGP-30"/><ref name="Savard_2018_CA"/>
* On the [[PERM (computer)|PERM]] (1956) computer, hexadecimal numbers were written as letters ''O'' for zero, ''A'' to ''N'' and ''P'' for 1 to 15. Many machine instructions had mnemonic hex-codes (''A''=add, ''M''=multiply, ''L''=load, ''F''=fixed-point etc.); programs were written without instruction names.<ref name="PERM"/>
* The [[Honeywell]] [[Datamatic D-1000]] (1957) used the lowercase letters ''b'', ''c'', ''d'', ''e'', ''f'', and ''g'' whereas the [[Elbit]]&nbsp;100 (1967) used the uppercase letters ''B'', ''C'', ''D'', ''E'', ''F'' and ''G'' for the values 10 to 15.<ref name="Savard_2018_CA"/>
* The [[Monrobot XI]] (1960) used the letters ''S'', ''T'', ''U'', ''V'', ''W'' and ''X'' for the values 10 to 15.<ref name="Savard_2018_CA"/>
* The [[NEC]] [[parametron]] computer NEAC 1103 (1960) used the letters ''D'', ''G'', ''H'', ''J'', ''K'' (and possibly ''V'') for values 10–15.<ref name="NEC_1960_NEAC-1103">{{cite book |title=NEC Parametron Digital Computer Type NEAC-1103 |publisher=[[Nippon Electric Company Ltd.]] |location=Tokyo, Japan |id=Cat. No. 3405-C |date=1960 |url=http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/NEC/NEC.1103.1958102646285.pdf |access-date=2017-05-31 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170531112850/http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/NEC/NEC.1103.1958102646285.pdf |archive-date=2017-05-31}}</ref>
* The [[Pacific Data Systems]]&nbsp;1020 (1964) used the letters ''L'', ''C'', ''A'', ''S'', ''M'' and ''D'' for the values 10 to 15.<ref name="Savard_2018_CA"/>

[[File:Table_de_correspondance_entre_le_Bibinaire_et_les_autres_notations.svg|thumb|[[Bibi-binary]]]]
* New numeric symbols and names were introduced in the [[Bibi-binary]] notation by [[Boby Lapointe]] in 1968.

[[Image:Bruce Martin hexadecimal notation proposal.png|thumb|Bruce Alan Martin's hexadecimal notation proposal<ref name="Martin_1968"/>]]
* Bruce Alan Martin of [[Brookhaven National Laboratory]] considered the choice of A–F "ridiculous". In a 1968 letter to the editor of the [[Communications of the ACM|CACM]], he proposed an entirely new set of symbols based on the bit locations.<ref name="Martin_1968">{{cite journal | title=Letters to the editor: On binary notation | first=Bruce Alan | last=Martin | publisher=[[Associated Universities Inc.]] | journal=[[Communications of the ACM]] | volume=11 | issue=10 | date=October 1968 | page=658 | doi=10.1145/364096.364107| s2cid=28248410 | doi-access=free }}</ref>

[[File:Base-16 digits.svg|thumb|Ronald O. Whitaker's hexadecimal notation proposal.<ref name="Whitaker_1972"/><ref name="Whitaker_1975"/>]]
* In 1972, Ronald O. Whitaker of Rowco Engineering Co. proposed a triangular font that allows "direct binary reading" to "permit both input and output from computers without respect to encoding matrices."<ref name="Whitaker_1972">{{cite news |title=More on man/machine |department=Letters |author-first=Ronald O. |author-last=Whitaker |journal=[[Datamation]] |publisher=[[Technical Publishing Company]] |location=Indianapolis, Indiana, US |publication-place=Barrington, Illinois, US |date=January 1972 |volume=18 |number=1 |page=103 |url=http://www.bitsavers.org/magazines/Datamation/197201.pdf |access-date=2022-12-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205110246/http://www.bitsavers.org/magazines/Datamation/197201.pdf |archive-date=2022-12-05}} (1 page)</ref><ref name="Whitaker_1975">{{cite web |title=Combined display and range selector for use with digital instruments employing the binary numbering system |author-first=Ronald O. |author-last=Whitaker |id=US Patent 3974444A |location=Indianapolis, Indiana, US |date=1976-08-10 |orig-date=1975-02-24 |url=https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/88/54/da/d88ca78fe93623/US3974444.pdf |access-date=2022-12-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224135846/https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/88/54/da/d88ca78fe93623/US3974444.pdf |archive-date=2022-12-24}} (7 pages)</ref>
* Some [[seven-segment display]] decoder chips (i.e., 74LS47) show unexpected output due to logic designed only to produce 0–9 correctly.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SN5446A, '47A, '48, SN54LS47, 'LS48, 'LS49, SN7446A, '47A, '48, SN74LS47, 'LS48, 'LS49 BCD-to-Seven-Segment Decoders/Drivers |publisher=[[Texas Instruments Incorporated]] |date=March 1988 |orig-date=1974 |id=SDLS111 |publication-place=Dallas, Texas, US |url-status=live |url=https://www.ti.com/lit/gpn/sn74ls47 |access-date=2021-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020192609/https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74ls47.pdf?ts=1634757966777 |archive-date=2021-10-20}} (29 pages)</ref>