Editing Henri Matisse (section)

==Gertrude Stein, Académie Matisse, and the Cone sisters==
[[File:Portrait of Henri Matisse 1933 May 20.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Henri Matisse, 1933, by [[Carl Van Vechten]]]]
Around April 1906, Matisse met [[Pablo Picasso]], who was 11 years his junior.<ref name=unknown>[http://www.abc.net.au/rn/arts/booktalk/stories/s1430343.htm The Unknown Matisse, pp 352–553...], [[Radio National|ABC Radio National]], 8 June 2005</ref> The two became lifelong friends as well as rivals and are often compared. One key difference between them is that Matisse drew and painted from nature, while Picasso was more inclined to work from imagination. The subjects painted most frequently by both artists were women and [[still life]]s, with Matisse more likely to place his figures in fully realised interiors. Matisse and Picasso were first brought together at the Paris [[salon (gathering)|salon]] of [[Gertrude Stein]] with her partner [[Alice B. Toklas]]. During the first decade of the twentieth century, the Americans in Paris—Gertrude Stein, her brothers [[Leo Stein]], Michael Stein, and Michael's wife [[Sarah Stein|Sarah]]—were important collectors and supporters of Matisse's paintings. In addition, Gertrude Stein's two American friends from [[Baltimore]], the [[Cone sisters]] Claribel and Etta, became major patrons of Matisse and Picasso, collecting hundreds of their paintings and drawings. The Cone collection is now exhibited in the [[Baltimore Museum of Art]].<ref>[http://www.artbma.org/collection/overview/cone.html Cone Collection] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019145733/http://www.artbma.org/collection/overview/cone.html |date=19 October 2014 }}, Baltimore Museum of Art. Retrieved 29 July 2007.</ref>

[[File:Henri Matisse, 1915-16, The Moroccans, oil on canvas, 181.3 x 279.4 cm, Museum of Modern Art.jpg|thumb|250px|Henri Matisse, ''The Moroccans'', 1915–16, oil on canvas, 181.3 x 279.4 cm, [[Museum of Modern Art]]<ref name="The Moroccans" />]]
While numerous artists visited the Stein salon, many of these artists were not represented among the paintings on the walls at [[27 rue de Fleurus]]. Where the works of [[Pierre-Auguste Renoir|Renoir]], Cézanne, Matisse, and Picasso dominated Leo and Gertrude Stein's collection, Sarah Stein's collection particularly emphasised Matisse.<ref>(MoMA, 1970 at 28)</ref>

Contemporaries of Leo and Gertrude Stein, Matisse and Picasso became part of their social circle and routinely joined the gatherings that took place on Saturday evenings at 27 rue de Fleurus. Gertrude attributed the beginnings of the Saturday evening salons to Matisse, remarking, "More and more frequently, people began visiting to see the Matisse paintings [...] Matisse brought people, everybody brought somebody, and they came at any time and it began to be a nuisance".<ref>Mellow, 1974, p. 84</ref>

Among Pablo Picasso's acquaintances who also frequented the Saturday evenings were [[Fernande Olivier]] (Picasso's mistress), [[Georges Braque]], [[André Derain]], the poets [[Max Jacob]] and [[Guillaume Apollinaire]], [[Marie Laurencin]] (Apollinaire's mistress and an artist in her own right), and [[Henri Rousseau]].<ref>Mellow, 1974, p. 94-95</ref>

His friends organized and financed the ''Académie Matisse'' in Paris, a private and non-commercial school in which Matisse instructed young artists. It operated from 1907 until 1911. The initiative for the academy came from the Steins and the [[Le Dôme Café#Dômiers|Dômiers]], with the involvement of [[Hans Purrmann]], [[Patrick Henry Bruce]], and [[Sarah Stein]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=vlY6SLmg-xEC&dq=Hans+Purrmann+and+Sarah+Stein,+students+of+matisse&pg=PA64 Christopher Green, ''Art in France, 1900–1940'', Pelican History of Art Series, Yale University Press, 2003, p. 64], {{ISBN|0300099088}}</ref>

Matisse spent seven months in [[Morocco]] from 1912 to 1913, producing about 24 paintings and numerous drawings. His frequent [[orientalism|orientalist]] topics of later paintings, such as [[odalisque]]s, can be traced to this period.<ref>{{cite book
 |title=Matisse in Morocco: The Paintings and Drawings, 1912–1913 |url=https://archive.org/details/matisseinmorocco00cowa |url-access=registration |first1=Jack |last1=Cowart |first2=Pierre |last2=Schneider |first3=John |last3=Elderfield |year=1990}}</ref> [[Henri Matisse and goldfish|Goldfish in aquariums]] also became a frequently recurring theme in Matisse's art following his trip to Morocco.<ref name=Wilkins2015>{{cite web|last=Wilkins|first=Charlotte|url=https://smarthistory.org/matisse-goldfish/|title=Matisse, ''Goldfish''|publisher=[[Smarthistory]]|date=9 August 2015|access-date=20 September 2022}}</ref><ref name=Pushkin>{{cite web|url=https://pushkinmuseum.art/data/fonds/europe_and_america/j/2001_3000/zh_3299/index.php?lang=en|title=Henri Matisse ''Goldfish''. 1912|publisher=[[Pushkin Museum]]|access-date=20 September 2022}}</ref>

===Selected works (1910–1917)===
<gallery class="center" widths="160" heights="160">
File:Matisse518.jpg|''[[Still Life with Geraniums]],'' 1910, [[Pinakothek der Moderne]], Munich, Germany
File:Atelier rouge matisse 1.jpg|''[[L'Atelier Rouge]]'', 1911, [[The Museum of Modern Art]], New York City
File:Matisse Conversation.jpg|''[[The Conversation (painting)|The Conversation]],'' {{circa|1911}}, The [[Hermitage Museum|Hermitage]], [[Saint Petersburg|St. Petersburg]], Russia
File:Henri Matisse, 1911-12, La Fenêtre à Tanger (Paysage vu d'une fenêtre Landscape viewed from a window, Tangiers), oil on canvas, 115 x 80 cm, Pushkin Museum.jpg|''[[Window at Tangier]],'' 1911–12, The [[Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts]], Moscow
File:Goldfish Matisse.jpg|''[[Goldfish (Matisse)|Goldfish]]'', 1912, [[Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts]], Moscow
File:Matisse Riffian.jpg|''[[Le Rifain assis]]'', 1912–13, 200 × 160&nbsp;cm. [[Barnes Foundation]]
File:Henri Matisse, 1913, Portrait of the Artist's Wife, oil on canvas, 146 x 97.7 cm, Hermitage, Saint Petersburg.jpg|''Portrait of the Artist's Wife'', 1913, [[Hermitage Museum]], Saint Petersburg
File:Henri Matisse, 1913, La glace sans tain (The Blue Window), oil on canvas, 130.8 x 90.5 cm, Museum of Modern Art.jpg|''La glace sans tain'' (''The Blue Window''), 1913, [[Museum of Modern Art]]
File:Matisse Woman on a high stool.jpg|''[[Woman on a High Stool]],'' 1914, [[Museum of Modern Art]], New York City
File:Henri Matisse - View of Notre Dame. Paris, quai Saint-Michel, spring 1914.jpg|''[[View of Notre-Dame]],'' 1914, [[Museum of Modern Art]]
File:Porte-Fenetre a Collioure 1914.jpg|''French Window at [[Collioure]]'', 1914. [[Musée National d'Art Moderne]], Paris
File:Yellow Curtain.jpg|''[[Le rideau jaune|The Yellow Curtain]],'' 1915, [[Museum of Modern Art]], New York
File:Studio, Quad Saint Michel.jpeg|''Studio, Quad Saint Michel'', 1916, [[The Phillips Collection]]
File:Henri Matisse, 1916-17, Auguste Pellerin II, oil on canvas, 150.2 x 96.2 cm, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris.jpg|''Auguste Pellerin II'', 1916–17, [[Musée National d'Art Moderne]], Paris
File:Henri Matisse, 1916-17, Le Peintre dans son atelier (The Painter and His Model), oil on canvas, 146.5 x 97 cm, Musée National d'Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris.jpg|''[[The Painter and His Model]] (Le Peintre dans son atelier)'', 1916–17, Musée National d'Art Moderne, Paris
File:Henri Matisse, 1917, Portrait de famille (The Music Lesson), oil on canvas, 245.1 x 210.8 cm, Barnes Foundation.jpg|''Portrait de famille (The Music Lesson)'', 1917, oil on canvas, 245.1 x 210.8&nbsp;cm, [[Barnes Foundation]]
</gallery>