Editing Heidelberg University (section)

===19th and early 20th century===
This decline did not stop until 1803, when the university was reestablished as a state-owned institution by [[Karl Friedrich, Grand Duke of Baden]], to whom the part of the Palatinate situated on the right bank of the Rhine was allotted. Since then, the university bears his name together with the name of [[Rupert I, Elector Palatine of the Rhine|Ruprecht I]]. Karl Friedrich divided the university into five faculties and placed himself at its head as rector, as did also his successors. During this decade, [[Romanticism]] found expression in Heidelberg through [[Clemens Brentano]], [[Achim von Arnim]], [[Ludwig Tieck]], [[Joseph Görres]], and [[Joseph von Eichendorff]], and there went forth a revival of the German [[Middle Ages]] in speech, poetry, and art.<ref name="ReferenceB"/>

[[File:Heidlbergaula.JPG|left|thumb|The Old Assembly Hall or "Great Hall" was redesigned in 1886 in celebration of the university's quincentenary.]]

The German [[Students Association]] exerted great influence, which was at first patriotic and later political. After Romanticism had eventually died out, Heidelberg became a center of Liberalism and the movement in favor of German national unity.<ref name="ReferenceB"/> The historians [[Friedrich Christoph Schlosser]] and [[Georg Gottfried Gervinus]] were the guides of the nation in [[political history]]. The modern scientific schools of medicine and [[natural science]], particularly [[astronomy]], were models in point of construction and equipment, and Heidelberg University was especially noted for its influential law school.<ref name="catholic"/> The university as a whole became the role model for the transformation of American [[liberal arts college]]s into [[research universities]], in particular for the then-newly established [[Johns Hopkins University]].<ref name=atlanticreview>{{cite web|url=http://atlanticreview.org/archives/448-When-German-Universities-Were-Models-for-American-Universities.html|title=When German Universities were Models for American Universities|access-date=10 January 2010|work=atlanticreview.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161219185305/http://atlanticreview.org/archives/448-When-German-Universities-Were-Models-for-American-Universities.html|archive-date=19 December 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Heidelberg's professors were important supporters of the [[Vormärz]] revolution and many of them were members of the first freely elected German parliament, the [[Frankfurt Parliament|Frankfurt Parliament of 1848]]. During the late 19th century, the university housed a very liberal and open-minded spirit, which was deliberately fostered by [[Max Weber]], [[Ernst Troeltsch]] and a circle of colleagues around them.

In February 1900, the [[Grand Duchy of Baden]] issued a decree that gave women the right to access universities in Baden. Thus, the universities of Freiburg and Heidelberg were the first ones to allow [[Women at German universities|women to study]].

In the [[Weimar Republic]], the university was widely recognized as a center of democratic thinking, coined by professors like [[Karl Jaspers]], [[Gustav Radbruch]], [[Martin Dibelius]] and [[Alfred Weber]].<ref name="ReferenceB"/> Unfortunately, there were also dark forces working within the university: [[Nazism|Nazi]] physicist [[Philipp Lenard]] was head of the physics institute at the time. Following the assassination of the liberal German-Jewish [[Foreign Minister]] [[Walther Rathenau]], he refused to [[half mast]] the national flag on the institute, thereby provoking its storming by [[communist]] students.<ref name="histu"/>

[[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F079107-0031, Heidelberg, Universität.jpg|thumb|upright|The main entrance of the New University building in 1988, showing the bronze bust of [[Athena]], the Greek goddess of wisdom]]