Editing Hatshepsut (section)

===Building projects===
[[File: Copper or bronze sheet bearing the name of Hatshepsut. From a foundation deposit in "a small pit covered with a mat" found at Deir el-Bahri, Egypt. 18th Dynasty. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London.jpg|thumb|upright=0.85|Copper or bronze sheet bearing the name of Hatshepsut. From a foundation deposit in a small pit covered with a mat found at Deir el-Bahari.]]
Hatshepsut was one of the most prolific builders in Ancient Egypt, commissioning hundreds of construction projects throughout both [[Upper Egypt]] and [[Lower Egypt]]. Many of these building projects were temples to build her religious base and legitimacy beyond her position as God's Wife of Amun. At these temples, she performed religious rituals that had hitherto been reserved for kings, corroborating the evidence that Hatshepsut assumed traditionally male roles as pharaoh.{{sfn|Cooney|2018|pp=124-125}} She employed the great architect [[Ineni]], who also had worked for her father, her husband, and for the royal steward [[Senenmut]].{{sfn|Hinds|2007|p=27}} The extant artifacts of the statuary provide archaeological evidence of Hatshepsut's portrayals of herself as a male pharaoh, with physically masculine traits and traditionally male Ancient Egyptian garb, such as a [[Beard#Egypt|false beard]] and ram's horns.{{sfn|Roth|2005|p=155}} These images are seen as symbolic, and not evidence of [[cross-dressing]] or [[androgyny]].{{sfn|Graves-Brown|2010|p=106|loc="Female rulers are given the attributes of essentially male kingship such as false beards (the beard is also false when worn by male kings) and kilts. But depictions of female queens, such as Sobekneferu or Hatshepsut, wearing male attire should certainly not be seen as evidence of transvestism or mythical androgyny. Female kings were rather taking on a male persona, given the essential masculinity of kingship."}}

Following the tradition of most pharaohs, Hatshepsut had monuments constructed at the [[Temple of Karnak]]. She also restored the original [[Precinct of Mut]], the [[Mut|great ancient goddess of Egypt]], at Karnak that had been ravaged by the foreign rulers during the [[Hyksos]] occupation. It later was ravaged by other pharaohs, who took one part after another to use in their own projects. The precinct awaits restoration. She had twin [[obelisk]]s erected at the entrance to the temple which at the time of building were the tallest in the world. Only one remains upright, which is the [[List of Egyptian obelisks|second-tallest ancient obelisk still standing]], the other having toppled and broken in two. The official in charge of those obelisks was the high steward [[Amenhotep (high steward)|Amenhotep]].{{sfn|Shirley|2014|p=206}} Another project, Karnak's Red Chapel, or [[Chapelle Rouge]], was built as a barque shrine.{{sfn|Radner|Moeller|Potts|2022|p=159}}

Later, she ordered the construction of two more obelisks to celebrate her 16th year as pharaoh; one of the obelisks broke during construction, and a third was therefore constructed to replace it. The broken obelisk was left at its quarrying site in [[Aswan]], where it remains. Known as [[Unfinished obelisk|the Unfinished Obelisk]], it provides evidence of how obelisks were quarried.{{sfn|Tyson|1999}}

[[File:Il tempio di Hatshepsut.JPG|thumb|upright=1|left|Colonnaded design of Hatshepsut mortuary temple]]
Hatshepsut built the Temple of [[Pakhet]] at [[Beni Hasan]] in the [[Minya Governorate#Ancient Egyptian period|Minya Governorate]] south of [[Minya, Egypt|Al Minya]]. The name, Pakhet, was a synthesis that occurred by combining [[Bastet|Bast]] and [[Sekhmet]], who were similar lioness war goddesses, in an area that bordered the north and south division of their cults. The cavernous underground temple, cut into the rock cliffs on the eastern side of the [[Nile]], was admired and called the [[Speos Artemidos]] by the Greeks during their occupation of Egypt, known as the [[Ptolemaic Dynasty]]. They saw the goddess as akin to their hunter goddess, Artemis. The temple is thought to have been built alongside much more ancient ones that have not survived. This temple has an architrave with a long dedicatory text bearing Hatshepsut's famous denunciation of the [[Hyksos]] that [[James Peter Allen|James P. Allen]] has translated.{{sfn|Allen|2002|pp=1–17}} This temple was altered later, and some of its insides were altered by [[Seti I]] of the [[Nineteenth Dynasty]] in an attempt to have his name replace that of Hatshepsut.{{sfn|Tyldesley|1996|p=228}}

Following the tradition of many pharaohs, the masterpiece of Hatshepsut's building projects was a [[mortuary temple]]. She built hers in [[Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut|a complex]] at [[Deir el-Bahari]].{{sfn|Roth|2005|p=147}} The identity of the architect behind the project remains unclear. It is possible that [[Senenmut]], the Overseer of Works, or [[Hapuseneb]], the High Priest, was responsible. It is also likely that Hatshepsut provided input to the project.{{sfn|Arnold|2005|p=135}} Located opposite the city of [[Luxor]], it is considered to be a masterpiece of ancient architecture.{{sfn|Roehrig|Dreyfus|Keller|2005|p=4}}{{sfn|Arnold|2005|p=135}}{{sfn|Szafrański|2014|p=125}} The complex's focal point was the [[Djeser-Djeseru]] or "the Holy of Holies".{{sfn|Arnold|2005|p=135}}