Editing Harbin (section)

===After World War II===
[[File:Pamyatnik sovetskim voinam.jpg|thumb|left|[[Soviet Red Army Monument, Harbin|Monument to Soviet soldier]]s in Harbin's Nangang District, built by Soviet Red Army in 1945]]
The [[Red Army|Soviet Army]] [[Soviet invasion of Manchuria|took the city]] on 20 August 1945<ref name="Glantz">LTC David M. Glantz, [http://usacac.army.mil/cac2/cgsc/carl/download/csipubs/LP7_AugustStormTheSoviet1945StrategicOffensiveInManchuria.pdf "August Storm: The Soviet 1945 Strategic Offensive in Manchuria"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723082515/http://www.cgsc.edu/carl/resources/csi/glantz3/glantz3.asp|date=2011-07-23}}. Leavenworth Papers No. 7, Combat Studies Institute, February 1983, [[Fort Leavenworth]] [[Kansas]].<!-- Mirrored at, or redirected from/to, http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/glantz3/glantz3.asp --></ref> and Harbin never came under the control of the [[Nationalist Government]], whose troops stopped {{convert|60|km|abbr=on}} short of the city.<ref name="USSR1991">{{cite web|script-title=ru:Освобождение городов КИТАЙ(Liberation of Cities-China)|url=http://www.soldat.ru/spravka/freedom/6-china.html|website=Soldat.ru|access-date=15 October 2014|language=ru|date=9 May 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702175103/http://soldat.ru/spravka/freedom/6-china.html|archive-date=2 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The city's administration was transferred by the departing Soviet Army to the Chinese [[People's Liberation Army]] in April 1946. On 28 April 1946, the [[Soviet occupation of Harbin|communist government of Harbin]] was established, making the 700,000-citizen-city the first large city governed by the communists.<ref name="Historical Evolution"/> During the short occupation of Harbin by the Soviet Army (August 1945 to April 1946), thousands of Russian emigres who had been identified as members of the [[Russian Fascist Party]] and fled communism after the Russian October Revolution,<ref name="maramoustafine"/> were forcibly deported to the Soviet Union. After 1952 the Soviet Union launched a second wave of immigration back to Russia.<ref name="maramoustafine"/> By 1964, the Russian population in Harbin had been reduced to 450.<ref name="Clausen">Hal Gold, Clausen, Søren and Stig Thøgersen (eds). 1995. The Making of a Chinese City:History and Historiography in Harbin. New York: M. E. Sharpe.</ref> The rest of the European community (Russians, Germans, Poles, Greeks, etc.) emigrated from 1950 to 1954 to Australia, Brazil, Canada, Israel, and the US, or were repatriated to their home countries.<ref name="maramoustafine"/> By 1988 the original Russian community numbered just thirty, all of them elderly. Modern Russians living in Harbin mostly moved there in the 1990s and 2000s, and have no relation to the first wave of emigration.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

Harbin was one of the key construction cities of China during the First Five-Year Plan period from 1951 to 1956. 13 of the 156 key construction projects were aid-constructed by the Soviet Union in Harbin. This project made Harbin an important industrial base of China. During the [[Great Leap Forward]] from 1958 to 1961, Harbin experienced a very tortuous development course as several Sino-Soviet contracts were cancelled by the Soviet Union.<ref>Chinese Government's Official Web Portal (English). [http://english.gov.cn/2005-08/06/content_20912.htm China: a country with 5,000-year-long civilization] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601053642/http://english.gov.cn/2005-08/06/content_20912.htm |date=2012-06-01 }}. retrieved 2011-09-03.</ref> During the [[Cultural Revolution]] many foreign and Christian things were uprooted. On 23 August 1966, [[Red Guards (People's Republic of China)|Red Guards]] stormed into St. Nicholas Cathedral, burned its icons on the streets while chanting xenophobic slogans before destroying the church.{{sfn|Karlinsky|2013|p=314}} As the normal economic and social order was seriously disrupted, Harbin's economy also suffered from serious setbacks. One of the main reasons of this setback is with its Soviet ties deteriorating and the [[Vietnam War]] escalating, China became concerned of a possible nuclear attack. [[Mao Zedong]] ordered an evacuation of military and other key state enterprises away from the northeastern frontier, with Harbin being the core zone of this region, bordering the [[Soviet Union]]. During this [[Third Front (China)|Third Front Development]] Era of China, several major factories of Harbin were relocated to Southwestern Provinces including [[Gansu]], [[Sichuan]], [[Hunan]] and [[Guizhou]], where they would be strategically secure in the event of a possible war. Some major universities of China were also moved out of Harbin, including Harbin Military Academy of Engineering (predecessor of Changsha's [[National University of Defense Technology]]) and Harbin Institute of Technology (Moved to [[Chongqing]] in 1969 and relocated to Harbin in 1973).<ref>{{cite web|title=Japan-China Relations in the 21st Century|url=http://www.keidanren.or.jp/english/policy/2001/006.html|website=Kendairen.or.jp|publisher=Japan Federation of Economic Organizations|access-date=15 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323225647/http://www.keidanren.or.jp/english/policy/2001/006.html|archive-date=23 March 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Harbin Jewish Cemetery1.jpg|thumb|left|Huang Shan Jewish Cemetery of Harbin]]
National economy and social service have obtained significant achievements since the [[Chinese economic reform]] first introduced in 1979. Harbin holds the China Harbin International Economic and Trade Fair each year since 1990.<ref name="Historical Evolution"/> Harbin once housed one of the largest Jewish communities in the Far East before World War II. It reached its peak in the mid-1920s when 25,000 [[European Jews]] lived in the city. Among them were the parents of [[Ehud Olmert]], the former [[Prime Minister of Israel]]. In 2004, Olmert came to Harbin with an Israeli trade delegation to visit the grave of his grandfather in Huang Shan Jewish Cemetery,<ref name="Olmert">
{{cite news
|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200603/30/eng20060330_254474.html
|title=Harbin people congratulate Olmert on Israeli election success
|newspaper=People's Daily
|date=30 March 2006
|access-date=15 October 2014
}}</ref> which had over 500 Jewish graves identified.<ref name="maramoustafine"/>

On 5 October 1984, Harbin was designated a [[sub-provincial city]] by the [[Organization Department of the Chinese Communist Party|Organization Department of the CCP Central Committee]]. The eight counties of Harbin originally formed part of Songhuajiang Prefecture whose seat was practically located inside the urban area of Harbin since 1972. The prefecture was officially merged into Harbin city on 11 August 1996, increasing Harbin's total population to 9.47&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=zh:哈尔滨市历史沿革|url=http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/hl/32696.html|website=Xzqh.org|access-date=15 October 2014|language=zh-hans|date=2014-05-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107051755/http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/hl/32696.html|archive-date=7 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

Harbin hosted [[1996 Asian Winter Games|the third Asian Winter Games]] in 1996.<ref>[http://www.cpi.com.cn/cpi-e/stamp/1996/1996-2.asp World of Chinese Stamps and Philatelic Items] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061213112051/http://www.cpi.com.cn/cpi-e/stamp/1996/1996-2.asp |date=2006-12-13 }}</ref> In 2009, Harbin held the [[2009 Winter Universiade|XXIV Winter Universiade]].

A memorial hall honoring [[Koreans|Korean]] [[Korean nationalism|nationalist]] and [[Korean independence movement|independence activist]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aboutjapan.japansociety.org/content.cfm/hero |title=What Defines a Hero? |publisher=Japan Society |access-date=2008-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071004183049/http://aboutjapan.japansociety.org/content.cfm/hero |archive-date=2007-10-04 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Ahn Jung-geun]] was unveiled at Harbin Railway Station on 19 January 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Peng|first1=Fu|title=Korean patriot Ahn Jung Geun's memorial held in Harbin|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/photo/2014-01/20/c_133057726.htm|access-date=15 October 2014|agency=Xinhuanet English|date=20 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020171356/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/photo/2014-01/20/c_133057726.htm|archive-date=20 October 2014}}</ref> Ahn assassinated four-time [[Prime Minister of Japan]] and former [[Resident-General of Korea]] [[Itō Hirobumi]] at No.1 platform of Harbin Railway Station on 26 October 1909, as Korea on the verge of annexation by Japan after the signing of the [[Eulsa Treaty]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Description of Ito, Hirobumi (1841 - 1909), Portraits of Modern Japanese Historical Figures|url=http://www.ndl.go.jp/portrait/e/datas/12.html|publisher=National Diet Library of Japan|access-date=15 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080129085624/http://www.ndl.go.jp/portrait/e/datas/12.html|archive-date=29 January 2008}}</ref> [[President of South Korea|South Korean President]] [[Park Geun-Hye]] raised an idea of erecting a monument for Ahn while meeting with [[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party|Chinese Communist Party general secretary]] [[Xi Jinping]] during a visit to China in June 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Memorial hall for Korean nationalist Ahn Jung Geun opens in China|url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/kyodo-news-international/140119/memorial-hall-korean-nationalist-ahn-jung-geun-opens-c|access-date=15 October 2014|agency=Kyodo News International|date=1 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020225125/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/kyodo-news-international/140119/memorial-hall-korean-nationalist-ahn-jung-geun-opens-c|archive-date=20 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> After that China began to build a memorial hall honoring Ahn at Harbin Railway Station. As the hall was unveiled on 19 January 2014, the Japanese side soon lodged protest with China over the construction of Ahn's memorial hall.<ref>{{cite news|title=Japan protest over Korean assassin Ahn Jung-geun memorial in China|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-25808437|access-date=15 October 2014|agency=BBC News|date=20 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140922185328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-25808437|archive-date=22 September 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>