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===Chinese and Japanese=== Classical Chinese and Japanese literature contains many [[Chinese characters]] that feature only once in the corpus, and their meaning and pronunciation has often been lost. Known in Japanese as {{nihongo||孤語|kogo}}, literally "lonely characters", these can be considered a type of ''hapax legomenon''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GPexBQAAQBAJ&q=alex+kerr+%22hapax%22&pg=PT82|title=Lost Japan|last=Kerr|first=Alex|date=2015-09-03|publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=9780141979755|language=en|access-date=2021-05-15|archive-date=2022-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601202345/https://books.google.com/books?id=GPexBQAAQBAJ&q=alex+kerr+%22hapax%22&pg=PT82|url-status=live}}</ref> For example, the ''[[Classic of Poetry]]'' ({{circa|1000 BC}}) uses the character {{lang|zh|[[:wiktionary:篪|篪]]}} exactly once in the verse {{lang|zh|「伯氏吹塤, 仲氏吹篪」}}, and it was only through the discovery of a description by [[Guo Pu]] (276–324 AD) that the character could be associated with a specific type of ancient flute.
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