Editing Gurmukhi (section)

====Supplementary letters====
In addition to the 35 original letters, there are six supplementary consonants in official usage,<ref name="Bright1996"/><ref name="patiala"/><ref name= steganography/> referred to as the ''navīnă ṭollī''<ref name="patiala"/><ref name= steganography/> or ''navīnă vargă'', meaning "new group", created by placing a [[nuqta|dot]] (''bindī'') at the foot (''pairă'') of the consonant to create ''pairĭ bindī'' consonants. These are not present in the [[Guru Granth Sahib]] or old texts. These are used most often for loanwords,<ref name="Bright1996"/> though not exclusively,{{refn|group=note|The sounds {{IPAblink|f}}~{{IPAblink|ɸ}} and {{IPAblink|ʃ}} can natively occur as allophones of [pʰ] and [t͡ʃʰ] respectively.}} and their usage is not always obligatory:

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"
! colspan="2" | Name !! Sound<br />[IPA]
! colspan="2" | Name !! Sound<br />[IPA]
! colspan="2" | Name !! Sound<br />[IPA]
|- align="center"
| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ਸ਼ || ''sassē pairĭ bindī''<br />[səsːeː pɛ:ɾɨ bɪn̪d̪iː] || ''śa''<br />{{IPAblink|ʃ}}
| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ਖ਼ || ''khakkhē pairĭ bindī''<br />[kʰəkʰːeː pɛ:ɾɨ bɪn̪d̪iː] || ''xa''<br />{{IPAblink|x}}
| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ਗ਼ || ''gaggē pairĭ bindī''<br />[gəgːeː  pɛ:ɾɨ bɪn̪d̪iː]  || ''ġa''<br />{{IPAblink|ɣ}}
|- align="center"
| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ਜ਼ || ''jajjē pairĭ bindī''<br />[d͡ʒəd͡ʒːeː pɛ:ɾɨ bɪn̪d̪iː]  || ''za''<br />{{IPAblink|z}}
| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ਫ਼ || ''phapphē pairĭ bindī''<br />[pʰəpʰːeː pɛ:ɾɨ bɪn̪d̪iː]  || ''fa''<br />{{IPAblink|f}}
| bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px" | ਲ਼ || ''lallē pairĭ bindī''<br />[ləlːeː pɛ:ɾɨ bɪn̪d̪iː]  || ''ḷa''<br />{{IPAblink|ɭ}} 
|}

The letter ਸ਼, already in use by the time of the earliest Punjabi grammars produced, along with ਜ਼ and ਲ਼,<ref name=newton>{{cite book |last1=Newton |first1=John |title=A Grammar of the Panjabi Language; With Appendices |date=1851 |publisher=American Presbyterian Mission Press |location=Ludhiana |edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L04IAAAAQAAJ |page=5 |access-date=2021-10-28 |archive-date=2022-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125021435/https://books.google.com/books?id=L04IAAAAQAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> enabled the previously unmarked distinction of /s/ and the well-established phoneme /ʃ/, which is used even in native [[Reduplication#Indo-Aryan|echo doublets]] e.g. ''rō̆ṭṭī-śō̆ṭṭī'' "stuff to eat"; the loansounds ''f'', ''z'', ''x'', and ''ġ'' as distinct phonemes are less well-established,{{sfn|Shackle|2007|p=595}} decreasing in that order and often dependent on exposure to [[Hindi-Urdu]] norms.{{sfn|Shackle|2007|p=589}}

The character ਲ਼ (''ḷa''), the only character not representing a [[fricative]] consonant, was only recently officially added to the Gurmukhī alphabet.{{sfn|Bhardwaj|2016|p=382}} It was not a part of the traditional orthography, as the distinctive phonological difference between /lə/ and /ɭə/, while both native sounds,{{sfn|Bhardwaj|2016|p=48}} was not reflected in the script,{{sfn|Masica|1993|p=147}} and its inclusion is still not currently universal.{{refn|group=note|Masica notes that ungeminated /l/ in non-initial positions tends to undergo retroflexion as a general rule regardless in [[Northwestern Indo-Aryan]],{{sfn|Masica|1993|p=193}} and the distinction in writing is "commonly ignored";{{sfn|Masica|1993|p=147}} according to Bhardwaj, [ɭ] is not universally phonemic, and "most of those who use it are not in favour of a having a separate letter ਲ਼ for this sound."{{sfn|Bhardwaj|2016|p=48}}}} Previous usage of another glyph to represent this sound, [ਲ੍ਰ], has also been attested.{{sfn|Grierson|1916|p=627}} The letters ਲ਼  ''ḷa'', like ਙ ''ṅ'', ਞ ''ñ,'' ਣ ''ṇ'', and ੜ ''ṛ'', do not occur word-initially, except in some cases their names.{{sfn|Bhardwaj|2016|p=42}}

Other characters, like the more recent [ਕ਼] /{{IPA|qə}}/,{{sfn|Bhardwaj|2016|p=382}} are also on rare occasion used unofficially, chiefly for transliterating old writings in [[Persian language|Persian]] and [[Urdu]], the knowledge of which is less relevant in modern times.{{refn|group=note|According to Bhardwaj, "the use of [ਲ਼ and ਕ਼] (especially ਕ਼) is regarded as unnecessarily pedantic by most writers."{{sfn|Bhardwaj|2016|p=48}} Shackle notes [q] as "absent from the Panjabi phonemic inventory."{{sfn|Shackle|2007|p=595}}}}