Editing Gujarati script (section)

==Gujarati letters, diacritics, and digits==

===Vowels===
[[Vowels]] (''svara''), in their conventional order, are historically grouped into "short" (''hrasva'') and "long" (''dīrgha'') classes, based on the "light" (''laghu'') and "heavy" (''guru'') syllables they create in traditional verse. The historical long vowels ''ī'' and ''ū'' are no longer distinctively long in pronunciation. Only in verse do syllables containing them assume the values required by meter.{{sfn|Mistry|1996|pp=391–392}}

Finally, a practice of using inverted ''mātra''s to represent [[English language|English]] {{IPA|[æ]}} and {{IPA|[ɔ]}}'s has gained ground.{{sfn|Mistry|1996|p=393}}

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Vowel
!Diacritic with {{angbr|ભ}}
!Name of diacritic{{sfn|Tisdall|1892|p=20}}
|-
|{{letter|ch=અ|ch1=|ch2=|s=Gujr|ipa={{IPA|ə}}|iso=a}}
|ભ
|
|-
|{{letter|ch1=આ|ch2=ા|s=Gujr|ipa={{IPA|ɑ̈}}|iso=ā}}
|ભા
|''kāno''
|-
|{{letter|ch1=ઇ|ch2=િ|s=Gujr|ipa={{IPA|i}}|iso=i}}
|ભિ
|''hrasva-ajju''
|-
|{{letter|ch1=ઈ|ch2=ી|s=Gujr|ipa={{IPA|i}}|iso=ī}}
|ભી
|''dīrgha-ajju''
|-
|{{letter|ch1=ઉ|ch2=ુ|s=Gujr|ipa={{IPA|u}}|iso=u}}
|ભુ
|''hrasva-varaṛũ''
|-
|{{letter|ch1=ઊ|ch2=ૂ|s=Gujr|ipa={{IPA|u}}|iso=ū}}
|ભૂ
|''dīrgha-varaṛũ''
|-
|{{letter|ch1=એ|ch2=ે|s=Gujr|ipa={{IPA|e}}|iso=e}}
|ભે
|''ek mātra''
|-
|{{letter|ch1=ઐ|ch2=ૈ|s=Gujr|ipa={{IPA|əj}}|iso=ai}}
|ભૈ
|''be mātra''
|-
|{{letter|ch1=ઓ|ch2=ો|s=Gujr|ipa={{IPA|o}}|iso=o}}
|ભો
|''kāno ek mātra''
|-
|{{letter|ch1=ઔ|ch2=ૌ|s=Gujr|ipa={{IPA|əʋ}}|iso=au}}
|ભૌ
|''kāno be mātra''
|-
|{{letter|ch1=અં|ch2=્ં|s=Gujr|ipa={{IPA|ä}}|iso=ṁ}}
|ભં
|''anusvār''
|-
|{{letter|ch1=અ:|ch2=્ઃ|s=Gujr|ipa={{IPA|ɨ}}|iso=ḥ}}
|ભઃ
|''visarga''
|-
|{{letter|ch1=ઋ|ch2=ૃ|s=Gujr|ipa={{IPA|ɾu}}|iso=r̥}}
|ભૃ
|-
|{{letter|ch1=ઍ|ch2=ે|s=Gujr|ipa={{IPA|æ}}|iso=â}}
|ભૅ
|-
|{{letter|ch1=ઑ|ch2=ો|s=Gujr|ipa={{IPA|ɔ}}|iso=ô}}
|ભૉ
|}

ર ''r'', જ ''j'' and હ ''h'' form the irregular forms of રૂ ''rū'', રુ ''ru'', જી ''jī'' and હૃ ''hṛ''.

===Consonants===
Consonants (''vyañjana'') are grouped in accordance with the traditional, linguistically based [[Sanskrit]] scheme of arrangement, which considers the usage and position of the tongue during their [[pronunciation]]. In sequence, these categories are: [[Velar consonant|velar]], [[palatal]], [[retroflex]], [[Dental consonant|dental]], [[labial consonant|labial]], [[sonorant]] and [[fricative]]. Among the first five groups, which contain the [[Stop consonant|stop]]s, the ordering starts with the [[Aspiration (phonetics)|unaspirated]] [[Voice (phonetics)|voiceless]], then goes on through aspirated voiceless, [[unaspirated]] [[voiced]], and aspirated voiced, ending with the [[nasal stop]]s. They all have a Devanagari counterpart.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sanskrit Alphabet |url=http://www.user.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/sanskrit-alphabet.html |website=www.user.uni-hannover.de |access-date=14 March 2020 |archive-date=22 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922132212/http://www.user.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/sanskrit-alphabet.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! bgcolor="#FFFFFF" rowspan="3"|
! colspan="4"| [[Plosive]]
! rowspan="3"| [[Nasal stop|Nasal]]
! rowspan="3"| [[Sonorant]]
! rowspan="3"| [[Sibilant consonant|Sibilant]]
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! colspan="2"| [[Voice (phonetics)|Voiceless]]
! colspan="2"| [[Voiced]]
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! [[Aspiration (phonetics)|Unaspirated]]
! Aspirated
! [[Unaspirated]]
! Aspirated
|-
! [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = ક | iso = ka | ipa = {{IPA|kə}} }}
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = ખ | iso = kha | ipa = {{IPA|kʰə}} }}
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = ગ | iso = ga | ipa = {{IPA|ɡə}} }}
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = ઘ | iso = gha | ipa = {{IPA|ɡʱə}} }}
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = ઙ | iso = ṅa | ipa = {{IPA|ŋə}} }}
| colspan="2"|
|-
! [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = ચ | iso = ca | ipa = {{IPA|tʃə}} }}
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = છ | iso = cha | ipa = {{IPA|tʃʰə}} }}
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = જ | iso = ja | ipa = {{IPA|dʒə}} }}
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = ઝ | iso = jha | ipa = {{IPA|dʒʱə}} }}
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = ઞ | iso = ña | ipa = {{IPA|ɲə}} }}
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = ય | iso = ya | ipa = {{IPA|jə}} }}
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = શ | iso = śa | ipa = {{IPA|ʃə}} }}
|-
! [[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = ટ | iso = ṭa | ipa = {{IPA|ʈə}} }}
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = ઠ | iso = ṭha | ipa = {{IPA|ʈʰə}} }}
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = ડ | iso = ḍa | ipa = {{IPA|ɖə}} }}
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = ઢ | iso = ḍha | ipa = {{IPA|ɖʱə}} }}
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = ણ | iso = ṇa | ipa = {{IPA|ɳə}} }}
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = ર | iso = ra | ipa = {{IPA|ɾə}} }}
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = ષ | iso = ṣa | ipa = {{IPA|ʂə}} }}
|-
! [[Dental consonant|Dental]]
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = ત | iso = ta | ipa = {{IPA|t̪ə}} }}
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = થ | iso = tha | ipa = {{IPA|t̪ʰə}} }}
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = દ | iso = da | ipa = {{IPA|d̪ə}} }}
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = ધ | iso = dha | ipa = {{IPA|d̪ʱə}} }}
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = ન | iso = na | ipa = {{IPA|nə}} }}
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = લ | iso = la | ipa = {{IPA|lə}} }}
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = સ | iso = sa | ipa = {{IPA|sə}} }}
|-
! [[Labial consonant|Labial]]
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = પ | iso = pa | ipa = {{IPA|pə}} }}
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = ફ | iso = pha | ipa = {{IPA|pʰə}} }}
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = બ | iso = ba | ipa = {{IPA|bə}} }}
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = ભ | iso = bha | ipa = {{IPA|bʱə}} }}
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = મ | iso = ma | ipa = {{IPA|mə}} }}
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = વ | iso = va | ipa = {{IPA|ʋə}} }}
| 
|}

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! [[Guttural consonant|Guttural]]
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = હ | iso = ha | ipa = {{IPA|ɦə}} }}
|-
! [[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = ળ | iso = ḷa | ipa = {{IPA|ɭə}} }}
|-
! rowspan="2"|
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = ક્ષ | iso = kṣa | ipa = {{IPA|kʂə}} }}
|-
| {{letter | s=Gujr | ch = જ્ઞ | iso = jña | ipa = {{IPA|ɡɲə}} }}
|}

* Letters can take names by suffixing કાર ''kār''. The letter ર ''ra'' is an exception; it is called રેફ ''reph''.{{sfn|Dwyer|1995|p=18}}
* Starting with ક ''ka'' and ending with જ્ઞ ''jña'', the order goes:{{sfn|Cardona|Suthar|2003|p=668}}
:Plosives & Nasals (left to right, top to bottom) → Sonorants & Sibilants (top to bottom, left to right) → Bottom box (top to bottom)
*The final two are compound characters that happen to be traditionally included in the set. They are indiscriminate as to their original constituents, and they are the same size as a single consonant character.
* Written (V)''h''V sets in speech result in murmured V̤(C) sets (''see [[Gujarati phonology#Murmur]]''). Thus (with ''ǐ'' = ''i'' or ''ī'', and ''ǔ'' = ''u'' or ''ū''): ''ha'' → {{IPA|[ə̤]}} from {{IPA|/ɦə/}}; ''hā'' → {{IPA|[a̤]}} from {{IPA|/ɦa/}}; ''ahe'' → {{IPA|[ɛ̤]}} from {{IPA|/əɦe/}}; ''aho'' → {{IPA|[ɔ̤]}} from {{IPA|/əɦo/}}; ''ahā'' → {{IPA|[a̤]}} from {{IPA|/əɦa/}}; ''ahǐ'' → {{IPA|[ə̤j]}} from {{IPA|/əɦi/}}; ''ahǔ'' → {{IPA|[ə̤ʋ]}} from {{IPA|/əɦu/}}; ''āhǐ'' → {{IPA|[a̤j]}} from {{IPA|/ɑɦi/}}; ''āhǔ'' → {{IPA|[a̤ʋ]}} from {{IPA|/ɑɦu/}}; etc.
[[File:IndischePhonetik.png|thumb|Indian Phonetics]]

=== Indian Phonetics ===

# [[Guttural]]
# [[Palate|Palatal]]
# [[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
# [[Dental consonant|Dental]]
# [[Labial consonant|Labial]]

===Non-vowel diacritics===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Diacritic
!Name
!Function
|-
|{{letter|s=Gujr|ch=ં}}
|''[[anusvāra]]''
|style="text-align:left"|Represents [[nasal vowel|vowel nasality]] or the [[nasal stop]] [[homorganic]] with the following stop.{{sfn|Cardona|Suthar|2003|p=668}}
|-
|{{letter|s=Gujr|ch=ઃ}}
|''[[visarga]]''
|style="text-align:left"|A silent, rarely used Sanskrit holdover originally representing [h]. Romanized as ''ḥ''.
|-
|{{letter|s=Gujr|ch=્}}
|''[[virāma]]''
|style="text-align:left"|Strikes out a consonant's inherent ''a''.{{sfn|Mistry|1996|p=392}} Generally unwritten.
|}

===Numerals===
{{see also|Gujarati numerals}}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Arabic<br />numeral
! Gujarati<br />numeral
! Name
|-
! 0
| ૦ || ''mīṇḍu or shunya''
|-
! 1
| ૧ || ''ekado or ek''
|-
! 2
| ૨ || ''bagado or bay''
|-
! 3
| ૩ || ''tragado or tran''
|-
! 4
| ૪ || ''chogado or chaar''
|-
! 5
| ૫ || ''pāchado or paanch''
|-
! 6
| ૬ || ''chagado or chah''
|-
! 7
| ૭ || ''sātado or sāt''
|-
! 8
| ૮ || ''āṭhado or āanth''
|-
! 9
| ૯ || ''navado or nav''
|}