Editing Grand Teton National Park (section)

===Establishment of the park===
[[File:Park Dedication in 1929 in Grand Teton NP-NPS.jpg|thumb|right|Grand Teton National Park Dedication in 1929]]
To the north of Jackson Hole, Yellowstone National Park had been established in 1872, and by the close of the 19th century, conservationists wanted to expand the boundaries of that park to include at least the Teton Range.<ref>{{cite web|title=Yellowstone Fact Sheet |url=http://www.nps.gov/yell/planyourvisit/factsheet.htm |work=Plan Your Visit |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=January 14, 2012 |date=January 10, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111215937/http://www.nps.gov/yell/planyourvisit/factsheet.htm |archive-date=January 11, 2012 }}</ref><ref name=daugherty7>{{cite web|last=Daugherty |first=John |title=Conservationists |url=http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/grte2/hrs17.htm |work=A Place Called Jackson Hole |publisher=Grand Teton Natural History Association |access-date=January 14, 2012 |date=July 24, 2004 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103071756/http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/grte2/hrs17.htm |archive-date=November 3, 2012 }}</ref> By 1907, in an effort to regulate water flow for irrigation purposes, the [[United States Bureau of Reclamation]] had constructed a log crib dam at the Snake River outlet of Jackson Lake. This dam failed in 1910 and a new concrete [[Jackson Lake Dam]] replaced it by 1911. The dam was further enlarged in 1916, raising lake waters {{convert|39|ft|abbr=on}} as part of the [[Minidoka Project]], designed to provide irrigation for agriculture in the state of Idaho.<ref name=reclamation>{{cite web|title=Jackson Lake Dam|url=http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Facility.jsp?fac_Name=Jackson+Lake+Dam|publisher=U.S. Bureau of Reclamation|access-date=January 14, 2012|date=July 13, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006103614/http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Facility.jsp?fac_Name=Jackson+Lake+Dam|archive-date=October 6, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name=reclamation2>{{cite web|title=The Minidoka Project |url=http://www.usbr.gov/projects/ImageServer?imgName=Doc_1245093434100.pdf |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Reclamation |access-date=January 14, 2012 |year=1997 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005083935/http://www.usbr.gov/projects//ImageServer?imgName=Doc_1245093434100.pdf |archive-date=October 5, 2012 }}</ref> Further dam construction plans for other lakes in the Teton Range alarmed Yellowstone National Park superintendent [[Horace Albright]], who sought to block such efforts.<ref name=creation>{{cite web|last=Skaggs|first=Jackie|title=Creation of Grand Teton National Park|url=http://www.nps.gov/grte/planyourvisit/upload/creation.pdf|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=January 14, 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107144552/http://www.nps.gov/grte/planyourvisit/upload/creation.pdf|archive-date=November 7, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Jackson Hole residents were opposed to an expansion of Yellowstone, but were more in favor of the establishment of a separate national park which would include the Teton Range and six lakes at the base of the mountains. After congressional approval, President [[Calvin Coolidge]] signed the executive order establishing the {{convert|96000|acre|adj=on}} Grand Teton National Park on February 26, 1929.<ref name="besser">{{cite book|last=Besser|first=Brook|title=Wyoming Road Trip by the Mile Marker|date=March 23, 2010|publisher=NightBlaze Books|isbn=978-0-9844093-0-3|page=35}}</ref>

The valley of Jackson Hole remained primarily in private ownership when [[John D. Rockefeller Jr.]] and his wife visited the region in the late 1920s.<ref name=daugherty7/> Horace Albright and Rockefeller discussed ways to preserve Jackson Hole from commercial exploitation, and in consequence, Rockefeller started buying Jackson Hole properties through the [[Snake River Land Company]] to later turn them over to the National Park Service. In 1930, this plan was revealed to the residents of the region and was met with strong disapproval.<ref name=daugherty7/> Congressional efforts to prevent the expansion of Grand Teton National Park ended up putting the Snake River Land Company's holdings in limbo. By 1942 Rockefeller had become increasingly impatient that his purchased property might never be added to the park, and wrote to the [[United States Secretary of the Interior|Secretary of the Interior]] [[Harold L. Ickes]] that he was considering selling the land to another party.<ref name="righter">{{cite book|last=Righter|first=Robert|title=Crucible for Conservation: The Struggle for Grand Teton National Park|date=June 1982|publisher=Grand Teton Natural History Association|isbn=978-0-931895-54-8|pages=105–106}}</ref> Secretary Ickes recommended to President [[Franklin Roosevelt]] that the [[Antiquities Act]], which permitted presidents to set aside land for protection without the approval of Congress, be used to establish a [[National monument (United States)|national monument]] in Jackson Hole. Roosevelt created the {{convert|221000|acre|adj=on}} [[Jackson Hole National Monument]] in 1943, using the land donated from the Snake River Land Company and adding additional property from Teton National Forest.<ref name=record>{{Cite book|title=Congressional Record|publisher=U.S. Congress |volume=148, Pt. 13|edition=September 20, 2002 to October 1, 2002|date=August 16, 2006|page=17710|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pY5e3AMIdn0C&pg=PA17710|isbn=978-0-16-076774-6}}</ref> The monument and park were adjacent to each other and both were administered by the National Park Service, but the monument designation ensured no funding allotment, nor provided a level of resource protection equal to the park. Members of Congress repeatedly attempted to have the new national monument abolished.<ref name=righter2>{{cite book|last=Righter|first=Robert|title=Crucible for Conservation: The Struggle for Grand Teton National Park|date=June 1982|publisher=Grand Teton Natural History Association|isbn=978-0-931895-54-8|pages=114–115}}</ref>

After the end of [[World War II]], national public sentiment was in favor of adding the monument to the park, and though there was still much local opposition, the monument and park were combined in 1950.<ref name=creation/> In recognition of John D. Rockefeller Jr.'s efforts to establish and then expand Grand Teton National Park, a {{convert|24000|acre|adj=on}} parcel of land between Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks was added to the National Park Service in 1972. This land and the road from the southern boundary of the park to [[West Thumb Geyser Basin|West Thumb]] in Yellowstone National Park was named the [[John D. Rockefeller Jr. Memorial Parkway]].<ref name=jodr>{{cite web|title=John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Memorial Parkway |url=http://www.nps.gov/grte/jodr.htm |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=January 14, 2012 |date=November 25, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126163036/http://www.nps.gov/grte/jodr.htm |archive-date=January 26, 2012 }}</ref> The Rockefeller family owned the [[JY Ranch]], which bordered Grand Teton National Park to the southwest. In November 2007, the Rockefeller family transferred ownership of the ranch to the park for the establishment of the [[Laurance S. Rockefeller Preserve]], which was dedicated on June 21, 2008.<ref>{{cite web|title=Laurance S. Rockefeller Preserve FAQs|url=http://www.nps.gov/grte/planyourvisit/lsrpfaqs.htm|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=June 24, 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802085104/http://www.nps.gov/grte/planyourvisit/lsrpfaqs.htm|archive-date=August 2, 2014|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Skaggs|first=Jackie|title=Laurance S. Rockefeller Preserve Center Opens to the Public|url=http://gtnpnews.blogspot.com/2008/06/laurance-s-rockefeller-preserve-center.html|publisher=Grand Teton National Park News Releases|access-date=January 14, 2012|date=June 21, 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213154251/http://gtnpnews.blogspot.com/2008/06/laurance-s-rockefeller-preserve-center.html|archive-date=February 13, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref>