Editing Grand Canyon (section)

===Native Americans===
The [[Ancestral Puebloans]] were a Native American culture centered on the present-day [[Four Corners]] area of the United States. They were the first people known to live in the Grand Canyon area. The cultural group has often been referred to in archaeology as the Anasazi, although the term is not preferred by the modern [[Puebloan peoples]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Congress |first=The Library of |title=LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies (Library of Congress) |url=https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2014001391.html |access-date=December 25, 2020 |website=id.loc.gov |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920050138/https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2014001391.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The word "Anasazi" is [[Navajo language|Navajo]] for "enemy ancestors" or "alien ancestors".<ref>{{oed|Anasazi}}</ref>

Archaeologists still debate when this distinct culture emerged. The current consensus, based on terminology defined by the [[Pecos Classification]], suggests their emergence was around 1200&nbsp;{{small|[[Before Common Era|BCE]]}} during the [[Pecos Classification#Early Basketmaker II Era|Basketmaker II Era]]. Beginning with the earliest explorations and excavations, researchers have believed that the Ancestral Puebloans are ancestors of the modern [[Pueblo people]]s.<ref name="UNCO">{{cite web |url=http://hewit.unco.edu/DOHIST/puebloan/begin.htm |title=Getting Started |work=The Ancestral Puebloans |publisher=Hewit Institute, University of Northern Colorado |access-date=October 22, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100709073248/http://hewit.unco.edu/dohist/puebloan/begin.htm |archive-date=July 9, 2010}}</ref>

In addition to the Ancestral Puebloans, a number of distinct cultures have inhabited the Grand Canyon area. The [[Cohonina]] lived to the west of the Grand Canyon, between 500 and 1200&nbsp;{{small|CE}}.<ref name=Tufts/><ref>{{cite web |title=Kaibab National Forest |publisher=USDA Forest Service |url=http://www.fs.fed.us/r3/kai/recreation/historic/tusayan.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210165142/http://www.fs.fed.us/r3/kai/recreation/historic/tusayan.shtml |archive-date=February 10, 2009 |access-date=January 4, 2007}}</ref> The Cohonina were ancestors of the [[Yuman]], [[Havasupai]], and [[Hualapai]] peoples who inhabit the area today.<ref name="McGregor1951">{{cite book |last=McGregor |first=John Charles |title=The Cohonina culture of northwestern Arizona |url=https://archive.org/details/cohoninacultureo0000mcgr_x1r5 |url-access=registration |year=1951 |publisher=University of Illinois Press |pages=[https://archive.org/details/cohoninacultureo0000mcgr_x1r5/page/1 1–7]}}</ref>

The [[Sinagua]] were a cultural group occupying an area to the southeast of the Grand Canyon, between the [[Little Colorado River]] and the [[Salt River (Arizona)|Salt River]], between approximately 500 and 1425 {{small|CE}}. The Sinagua may have been ancestors of several [[Hopi]] clans.

By the time of the arrival of Europeans in the 16th{{nbsp}}century, newer cultures had evolved. The Hualapai inhabit a {{convert|100|mi|km|adj=on}} stretch along the pine-clad southern side of the Grand Canyon. The Havasupai have been living in the area near Cataract Canyon since the beginning of the 13th{{nbsp}}century, occupying an area the size of [[Delaware]].<ref name="Whiting">{{cite book |last=Whiting |first=A.F. |title=Havasupai Habitat |url=https://archive.org/details/havasupaihabitat0000whit |url-access=registration |location=Tucson, Arizona |publisher=University of Arizona Press |year=1985 |isbn=978-0816508662}}</ref> The Southern [[Southern Paiute|Paiutes]] live in what is now southern [[Utah]] and northern Arizona. The [[Navajo people|Navajo]], or Diné, live in a wide area stretching from the [[San Francisco Peaks]] eastwards towards the Four Corners. Archaeological and linguistic evidence suggests the Navajo descended from the [[Athabaskan language|Athabaskan]] people near [[Great Slave Lake]], Canada, who migrated after the 11th{{nbsp}}century.<ref>{{cite web |title=Discovery of the Athabascan Origin of the Apache and Navajo Language |publisher=Watkins, Thayer – San Jose State University |url=http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/navajo.htm |access-date=July 30, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112211856/http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/navajo.htm |archive-date=November 12, 2014 }}</ref> In the mythology of some [[Hopi Reservation#Third Mesa|Third Mesa]] Hopi communities, the Grand Canyon was the location humankind arose out of the [[Hopi mythology#Four Worlds|Third World]] from a [[sipapu]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Courlander |first1=Harold |last2=Harmon |first2=Daniel |title=The Fourth World of the Hopis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dgcUguU8ajwC&q=grand+canyon+hopi+fourth+world&pg=PA214 |publisher=[[University of New Mexico Press|UNM Press]] |year=1971 |page=214 |isbn=978-0826310118 |access-date=October 25, 2020 |archive-date=May 30, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530070249/https://books.google.com/books?id=dgcUguU8ajwC&q=grand+canyon+hopi+fourth+world&pg=PA214#v=snippet&q=grand%20canyon%20hopi%20fourth%20world&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>