Editing Gram-positive bacteria (section)

== Pathogenicity ==
[[File:Actinomyces spp 01.jpg|thumb|320px|Colonies of a gram-positive pathogen of the oral cavity, ''[[Actinomyces]]'' sp.]]
In the classical sense, six gram-positive genera are typically pathogenic in humans. Two of these, ''[[Streptococcus]]'' and ''[[Staphylococcus]]'', are [[Coccus|cocci]] (sphere-shaped). The remaining organisms are [[bacilli]] (rod-shaped) and can be subdivided based on their ability to form [[endospore|spore]]s. The non-spore formers are ''[[Corynebacterium]]'' and ''[[Listeria]]'' (a coccobacillus), whereas ''[[Bacillus]]'' and ''[[Clostridium]]'' produce spores.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Gladwin |first1=Mark |title=Clinical Microbiology Made Ridiculously Simple |last2=Trattler |first2=Bill |date=2007 |publisher=MedMaster |isbn=978-0-940780-81-1 |location=Miami, FL |pages=4–5}}</ref> The spore-forming bacteria can again be divided based on their [[Cellular respiration|respiration]]: ''Bacillus'' is a [[Facultative anaerobic organism|facultative anaerobe]], while ''Clostridium'' is an [[obligate anaerobe]].<ref>{{Cite conference |last1=Sahebnasagh |first1=R. |last2=Saderi |first2=H. |last3=Owlia |first3=P. |date=4–7 September 2011 |title=Detection of methicillin-resistant ''Staphylococcus aureus'' strains from clinical samples in Tehran by detection of the ''mecA'' and ''nuc'' genes |conference=The First Iranian International Congress of Medical Bacteriology |location=Tabriz, Iran}}</ref> Also, ''Rathybacter'', ''Leifsonia'', and ''Clavibacter'' are three gram-positive genera that cause plant disease. Gram-positive bacteria are capable of causing serious and sometimes fatal [[Neonatal infection|infections]] in newborn infants.<ref name="MacDonald2015">{{Cite book |last=MacDonald |first=Mhairi |title=Avery's Neonatology: Pathophysiology and Management of the Newborn |date=2015 |publisher=Wolters Kluwer |isbn=9781451192681 |location=Philadelphia, PA}} Access provided by the University of Pittsburgh.</ref> Novel species of clinically relevant gram-positive bacteria also include ''[[Catabacter hongkongensis]]'', which is an emerging pathogen belonging to [[Firmicutes|Bacillota]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lau |first1=S.K.P. |last2=McNabb |first2=A. |last3=Woo |first3=G.K.S. |last4=Hoang |first4=L. |last5=Fung |first5=A.M.Y. |last6=Chung |first6=L.M.W. |last7=Woo |first7=P.C.Y. |last8=Yuen |first8=K.-Y. |date=22 November 2006 |title=Catabacter hongkongensis gen. nov., sp. nov., Isolated from Blood Cultures of Patients from Hong Kong and Canada |journal=Journal of Clinical Microbiology |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=395–401 |doi=10.1128/jcm.01831-06 |issn=0095-1137 |pmc=1829005 |pmid=17122022 |doi-access=free}}</ref>