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===Before initial vowels=== {{Redirect|hard attack||Hard Attack (disambiguation){{!}}Hard Attack}} Most English speakers today often use a glottal stop before the initial vowel of words beginning with a vowel, particularly at the beginning of sentences or phrases or when a word is emphasized. This is also known as "hard attack".<ref name="glottal2" /> Traditionally in [[Received Pronunciation]], "hard attack" was seen as a way to emphasize a word. Today, in British, American and other varieties of English, it is increasingly used not only to emphasize but also simply to separate two words, especially when the first word ends in a glottal stop.{{clarify|date=June 2023 |reason= Does this mean the first word already ends in a glottal stop and then a second glottal stop is added to the beginning of the second word?}}<ref name="glottal1">{{cite book |last1=Katz |first1=William F. |title=Phonetics for Dummies |date=5 September 2013 |page=137 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-118-50508-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5f5dAAAAQBAJ&dq=glottal+stop+initial+vowel+english&pg=PA137 |access-date=26 February 2023}}</ref><ref name="glottal2">{{cite book |last1=Lindsey |first1=Geoff |title=English After RP: Standard British Pronunciation Today |date=2019 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-030-04357-5 |pages=89β92 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6nSKDwAAQBAJ&q=glottal |access-date=27 February 2023}}</ref><ref name="glottal3">{{cite journal |last1=Garellek |first1=Marc |title=Glottal stops before word-initial vowels in American English: distribution and acoustic characteristics |journal=UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics |volume=110 |pages=1β23 |url=https://escholarship.org/content/qt7m55b8bb/qt7m55b8bb_noSplash_ad63f821e520155ec5195eaaa435e10f.pdf?t=mezowz |access-date=28 February 2023}}</ref>
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