Editing Globalization (section)

===Modern===
According to economic historians [[Kevin H. O'Rourke]], Leandro Prados de la Escosura, and Guillaume Daudin, several factors promoted globalization in the period 1815–1870:<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-economic-history-of-modern-europe/trade-and-empire/BE789F27408634F4749D61F013897C04|title=Trade and empire (Chapter 4) – The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe|chapter=Trade and empire |website=Cambridge Core|date=2010 |volume=1 |pages=100–01|publisher=Cambridge University Press |language=en|access-date=2 March 2018|doi=10.1017/CBO9780511794834.006|isbn=978-0-521-88202-6|s2cid=155275323 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303050324/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-economic-history-of-modern-europe/trade-and-empire/BE789F27408634F4749D61F013897C04|archive-date=3 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

* The conclusion of the [[Napoleonic Wars]] brought in an era of relative peace in Europe.
* Innovations in transportation technology reduced trade costs substantially.
* New industrial military technologies increased the power of European states and the United States, and allowed these powers to forcibly open up markets across the world and extend their empires.
* A gradual move towards greater liberalization in European countries.

During the 19th century, globalization approached its form as a direct result of the [[Industrial Revolution]]. [[Industrialization]] allowed standardized production of household items using [[economies of scale]] while rapid [[population growth]] created sustained demand for commodities. In the 19th century, steamships reduced the cost of international transportation significantly and railroads made inland transportation cheaper. The [[History of transport|transportation revolution]] occurred some time between 1820 and 1850.<ref name="When Did Globalization Begin" /> More nations embraced [[international trade]].<ref name="When Did Globalization Begin" /> Globalization in this period was decisively shaped by nineteenth-century [[imperialism]] such as in [[Scramble for Africa|Africa]] and [[Western imperialism in Asia|Asia]].<ref name="Levinson" /><ref name=":3">{{cite news |last=Gittins |first=Ross |date=12 June 2006 |title=How the invention of a box changed our world – Business – smh.com.au |url=https://www.smh.com.au/news/business/how-the-invention-of-a-box-changed-our-world/2006/06/11/1149964409162.html%0A |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114190140/http://www.smh.com.au/news/business/how-the-invention-of-a-box-changed-our-world/2006/06/11/1149964409162.html%0A |archive-date=14 November 2015 |access-date=17 February 2013 |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]}}</ref>