Editing Gideon v. Wainwright (section)

====Public defender system====
Many changes have been made in the prosecution and legal representation of indigent defendants since the ''Gideon'' decision. The decision created and then expanded the need for public defenders, which had previously been rare. For example, immediately following the decision, Florida required [[public defenders]] in all of its circuit courts.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gideon's Promise, Still Unkept |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE7DA1431F93BA25750C0A965958260 |work=The New York Times |date=March 18, 1993 |access-date=August 8, 2008 }}</ref>

The need for more public defenders also led to a need to ensure that they were properly trained in criminal defense, in order to allow defendants to receive as fair a trial as possible. Several states and counties followed suit. Washington, D.C., for instance, has created a training program for their public defenders, who must receive rigorous training before they are allowed to represent defendants, and must continue their training in order to remain current in criminal law, procedure, and practices.<ref name=Abel2006>Abel, Laura. "2006 ''Edward v. Sparer'' Symposium: Civil ''Gideon'': Creating a Constitutional Right to Counsel in the Civil Context: A Right to Counsel in Civil Cases: Lessons from ''Gideon v. Wainwright''". ''Temple Political & Civil Rights Law Review'', Volume 15. Summer 2006.</ref> In 2010, a public defender's office in the South Bronx, [[The Bronx Defenders]], created the Center for Holistic Defense, which has helped many state public defender offices and developed a model of public defense called holistic defense or holistic advocacy. In it, criminal defense attorneys work on interdisciplinary teams, alongside civil attorneys, social workers, and legal advocates to help clients with not only direct but also collateral aspects of their criminal cases. More recently the [[American Bar Association]] and the [[National Legal Aid and Defender Association]] have set minimum training requirements, caseload levels, and experience requirements for defenders.<ref name=Abel2006 />

There is often controversy about whether public defenders' caseloads give them enough time to defend their clients adequately. Some criticize public defenders for encouraging their clients to plead guilty. Some defenders say this is intended to lessen their own workload, while others say it is intended to obtain a lighter sentence by negotiating a [[plea bargain]] as compared with going to trial and risking a harsher sentence. Tanya Greene, an ACLU lawyer, has said that that is why 90% to 95% of defendants plead guilty: "You've got so many cases, limited resources, and there's no relief. You go to work, you get more cases. You have to triage."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jdjournal.com/2013/05/07/how-well-are-the-poor-publicly-defended/ |author=Daniel June |title=How Well are the Poor Publicly Defended? |date=May 7, 2013 |website=jdjournal.com}}</ref>