Editing Georgian language (section)

===Consonants===
On the left are [[Help:IPA|IPA]] symbols, and on the right are the corresponding letters of the modern Georgian [[alphabet]], which is essentially phonemic.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Consonants<ref name="ipashosted">{{Harvcoltxt|Shosted|Chikovani|2006|p=263}}</ref><ref name="GMU">{{cite web |title=Native Phonetic Inventory: georgian |url=http://accent.gmu.edu/browse_native.php?function=detail&languageid=23 |access-date=24 August 2019 |website=gmu.edu |publisher=George Mason University}}</ref>
! colspan="2" | &nbsp;
! [[Labial consonant|Labial]]
! [[Dental consonant|Dental]]/<br/>[[alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! [[Postalveolar consonant|Post-alveolar]]
! [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! [[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
! [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|- style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="2" | [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| {{IPA link|m}} &nbsp; {{lang|ka|მ}}
| {{IPA link|n}} &nbsp; {{lang|ka|ნ}}
|
|
|
|
|- style="text-align: center;"
! rowspan="3" | [[Stop consonant|Stop]]
! <small>[[Aspirated consonant|aspirated]]</small>
| {{IPA link|pʰ}} &nbsp; {{lang|ka|ფ}}
| {{IPA link|tʰ}} &nbsp; {{lang|ka|თ}}
|
| {{IPA link|kʰ}} &nbsp; {{lang|ka|ქ}}
|
|
|- style="text-align: center;"
! <small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small>
| {{IPA link|b}} &nbsp; {{lang|ka|ბ}}<sup>7, 8, 10</sup>
| {{IPA link|d}} &nbsp; {{lang|ka|დ}}<sup>7, 8, 10</sup>
|
| {{IPA link|ɡ}} &nbsp; {{lang|ka|გ}}<sup>7, 8, 10</sup>
|
|
|- style="text-align: center;"
! <small>[[ejective consonant|ejective]]</small>
| {{IPA link|pʼ}} &nbsp; {{lang|ka|პ}}
| {{IPA link|tʼ}} &nbsp; {{lang|ka|ტ}}
|
| {{IPA link|kʼ}} &nbsp; {{lang|ka|კ}}
| {{IPA link|qʼ}}<sup>3</sup> &nbsp; {{lang|ka|ყ}}
|
|- style="text-align: center;"
! rowspan="3" | [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
! <small>(aspirated)</small>
|
| {{IPA link|t͡sʰ}}<sup>1</sup> &nbsp; {{lang|ka|ც}}
| {{IPA link|t͡ʃʰ}}<sup>1</sup> &nbsp; {{lang|ka|ჩ}}
|
|
|
|- style="text-align: center;"
! <small>voiced</small>
|
| {{IPA link|d͡z}} &nbsp; {{lang|ka|ძ}}
| {{IPA link|d͡ʒ}} &nbsp; {{lang|ka|ჯ}}
|
|
|
|- style="text-align: center;"
! <small>ejective</small>
|
| {{IPA link|t͡sʼ}} &nbsp; {{lang|ka|წ}}
| {{IPA link|t͡ʃʼ}} &nbsp; {{lang|ka|ჭ}}
|
|
|
|- style="text-align: center;"
! rowspan="2" | [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
! <small>voiceless</small>
|
| {{IPA link|s}} &nbsp; {{lang|ka|ს}}
| {{IPA link|ʃ}} &nbsp; {{lang|ka|შ}}
| colspan="2" | {{IPA link|x}} <sup>2</sup> &nbsp; {{lang|ka|ხ}}
| {{IPA link|h}} &nbsp; {{lang|ka|ჰ}}
|- style="text-align: center;"
! <small>voiced </small>
| {{IPA link|v}} &nbsp; {{lang|ka|ვ}}<sup>6</sup>
| {{IPA link|z}} &nbsp; {{lang|ka|ზ}}
| {{IPA link|ʒ}} &nbsp; {{lang|ka|ჟ}}
| colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ɣ}} <sup>2</sup> &nbsp; {{lang|ka|ღ}}
|
|- style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="2" | [[Vibrant]]
|
| {{IPA link|r}} &nbsp; {{lang|ka|რ}}<sup>4,9</sup>
|
|
|
|
|- style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="2" | [[Lateral consonant|Lateral]]
|
| {{IPA link|l}} &nbsp; {{lang|ka|ლ}}<sup>5</sup>
|
|
|
|
|}

# Opinions differ on the aspiration of {{IPA|/t͡sʰ, t͡ʃʰ/}}, as it is non-contrastive.{{cn|date=April 2017}}
# Opinions differ on how to classify {{IPAslink|x}} and {{IPAslink|ɣ}}; {{Harvcoltxt|Aronson|1990}} classifies them as post-velar, {{Harvcoltxt|Hewitt|1995}} argues that they range from velar to uvular according to context.
# The uvular ejective stop is commonly realized as a uvular ejective fricative {{IPAblink|χʼ}} but it can also be {{IPAblink|qʼ}}, {{IPAblink|ʔ}}, or {{IPAblink|qχʼ}}, they are in free variation.<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Shosted|Chikovani|2006|p=256}}</ref>
# {{IPAslink|r}} is realized as an alveolar tap {{IPAblink|ɾ}} <ref name=":0">{{Harvcoltxt|Shosted|Chikovani|2006|p=261}}</ref> though {{IPAblink|r}} occurs in free variation.
# {{IPAslink|l}} is pronounced as a velarized {{IPAblink|ɫ}} before back vowels; it is pronounced as {{IPAblink|l}} in the environment of front vowels.<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Aronson|1990|pp=17–18}}</ref>
# {{IPAslink|v}} is realized in most contexts as a bilabial fricative {{IPAblink|β}} or {{IPAblink|v}},<ref name=":1">{{Harvcoltxt|Hewitt|1995|p=21}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> but has the following allophones.<ref name=":0" />
## before voiceless consonants, it is realized as {{IPAblink|f}} or {{IPAblink|ɸ}}.
## after voiceless consonants it is also voiceless and has been interpreted either as labialization of the preceding consonant {{IPAblink|ʷ}} or simply as {{IPAblink|ɸ}}.
## whether it is realized as labialization after voiced consonants is debated.
## word-initially before the vowel /u/ and sometimes before other consonants it may be deleted entirely.
#In initial positions, {{IPA|/b, d, ɡ/}} are pronounced as a weakly voiced {{IPA|[b̥, d̥, ɡ̊]}}.<ref name=":2">{{Harvcoltxt|Aronson|1990|p=15}}</ref>
#In word-final positions, {{IPA|/b, d, ɡ/}} may be devoiced and aspirated to {{IPA|[pʰ, tʰ, kʰ]}}.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> 
#/r/ may be dropped in CrC contexts in colloquial speech.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312661766_r_drop_in_Colloquial_Georgian /r/ drop in Colloquial Georgian]</ref> 
#Word-final /b, d, ɡ/ may be realized as unreleased stops [b̚, d̚, ɡ̚] before another obstruent at word boundaries.<ref name=":8" />

Former {{IPA|/qʰ/}} ({{lang|ka|ჴ}}) has merged with {{IPA|/x/}} ({{lang|ka|ხ}}), leaving only the latter.

The glottalization of the ejectives is rather light, and in fact Georgian transliterates the [[tenuis consonant|tenuis stops]] in foreign words and names with the ejectives.{{cn|date=June 2024}}

The coronal occlusives ({{IPA|/tʰ tʼ d n/}}, not necessarily affricates) are variously described as apical dental, laminal alveolar, and "dental".<ref name="ipashosted"/>