Editing Geomorphology (section)

=== Climatic geomorphology ===
{{further|Climatic geomorphology}}
During the age of [[New Imperialism]] in the late 19th century European explorers and scientists traveled across the globe bringing descriptions of landscapes and landforms. As geographical knowledge increased over time these observations were systematized in a search for regional patterns. Climate emerged thus as prime factor for explaining landform distribution at a grand scale. The rise of climatic geomorphology was foreshadowed by the work of [[Wladimir Köppen]], [[Vasily Dokuchaev]] and [[Andreas Franz Wilhelm Schimper|Andreas Schimper]]. [[William Morris Davis]], the leading geomorphologist of his time, recognized the role of climate by complementing his "normal" temperate climate [[cycle of erosion]] with arid and glacial ones.<ref name=TwidaleLageat1994>{{cite journal |last1=Twidale |first1=C.R. |author-link=Charles Rowland Twidale |last2=Lageat |first2=Y. |date=1994 |title=Climatic geomorphology: a critique |journal=[[Progress in Physical Geography]] |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=319–334 |doi= 10.1177/030913339401800302 |bibcode=1994PrPG...18..319T |s2cid=129518705}}</ref><ref name=Goudie2004>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Goudie |first=A.S. |editor-last=Goudie |editor-first=A.S. |author-link=Andrew Goudie (geographer) |editor-link=Andrew Goudie (geographer) |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Geomorphology |title=Climatic geomorphology |year=2004 |pages=162–164}}</ref> Nevertheless, interest in climatic geomorphology was also a reaction ''against'' [[Cycle of erosion|Davisian geomorphology]] that was by the mid-20th century considered both un-innovative and dubious.<ref name=Goudie2004/><ref name=Attack>{{cite journal |last=Flemal |first=Ronald C. |date=1971 |title=The Attack on the Davisian System Of Geomorphology: A Synopsis |journal=[[Journal of Geological Education]] |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=3–13 |doi=10.5408/0022-1368-XIX.1.3 |bibcode=1971JGeoE..19....3F}}</ref> Early climatic geomorphology developed primarily in [[continental Europe]] while in the English-speaking world the tendency was not explicit until L.C. Peltier's 1950 publication on a [[periglaciation|periglacial]] cycle of erosion.<ref name=TwidaleLageat1994/>

Climatic geomorphology was criticized in a 1969 [[review article]] by process geomorphologist [[David Stoddart (geographer)|D.R. Stoddart]].<ref name=Goudie2004/><ref name=Thomas2004>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Thomas |first=Michael F. |editor-last=Goudie |editor-first=A.S. |editor-link=Andrew Goudie (geographer) |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Geomorphology |title=Tropical geomorphology |year=2004 |pages=1063–1069}}</ref> The criticism by Stoddart proved "devastating" sparking a decline in the popularity of climatic geomorphology in the late 20th century.<ref name=Goudie2004/><ref name=Thomas2004/> Stoddart criticized climatic geomorphology for applying supposedly "trivial" methodologies in establishing landform differences between morphoclimatic zones, being linked to [[Cycle of erosion|Davisian geomorphology]] and by allegedly neglecting the fact that physical laws governing processes are the same across the globe.<ref name=Thomas2004/> In addition some conceptions of climatic geomorphology, like that which holds that chemical weathering is more rapid in tropical climates than in cold climates proved to not be straightforwardly true.<ref name=Goudie2004/>