Editing Geography of Tajikistan (section)

==Climate==
[[File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_TJK_1991–2020.svg|thumb|300px|Tajikistan map of [[Köppen climate classification]]]]
[[Image:Kara-kul lake.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[Karakul (Tajikistan)|Karakul]] is a lake formed inside a meteor crater in Tajikistan.]]
Tajikistan's climate is continental, subtropical, and semiarid, with some desert areas. The [[climate change]]s drastically according to elevation, however. The Fergana Valley and other lowlands are shielded by mountains from Arctic air masses, but temperatures in that region still drop below freezing for more than 100 days a year. In the subtropical southwestern lowlands, which have the highest average temperatures, the climate is arid, although some sections now are irrigated for farming. At Tajikistan's lower elevations, the average temperature range is {{convert|23|to|30|°C|°F|1}} in July and {{convert|-1|to|3|°C|°F|1}} in January. In the eastern Pamirs, the average July temperature is {{convert|5|to|10|°C|°F}}, and the average January temperature is {{convert|-15|to|-20|°C|°F}}.<ref name="climatestudies">{{cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/tajikistan/15.htm|title=Climate|publisher=Library of Congress Country Studies|access-date=31 July 2015|archive-date=9 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409201948/http://countrystudies.us/tajikistan/15.htm|url-status=live}} {{Country study}}</ref>

Tajikistan is the wettest of the Central Asian republics,<ref>{{cite web |title=Water in Tajikistan, abundant yet challenging |url=https://www.acted.org/en/water-in-tajikistan-abundant-yet-challenging/ |website=ACTED |date=5 December 2017 |access-date=25 June 2022 |archive-date=18 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518033619/https://www.acted.org/en/water-in-tajikistan-abundant-yet-challenging/ |url-status=live }}</ref> with the average annual precipitation for the Kafernigan and Vakhsh valleys in the south being around {{convert|500|to|600|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}, and up to {{convert|1500|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} in the mountains{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}. At the Fedchenko Glacier, as much as {{convert|223.6|cm|in|abbr=on}} of snow falls each year{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}. Only in the northern Fergana Valley and in the rain shadow areas of the eastern Pamirs is precipitation as low as in other parts of Central Asia: in the eastern Pamirs less than {{convert|100|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} falls per year{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}. Most precipitation occurs in the winter and spring.

{{Weather box
|location = Dushanbe (1991–2020, extremes 1926–present)
|width = auto
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|collapsed = Yes
|Jan record high C = 21.8
|Feb record high C = 27.7
|Mar record high C = 32.2
|Apr record high C = 35.3
|May record high C = 38.8
|Jun record high C = 43.0
|Jul record high C = 43.7
|Aug record high C = 45.0
|Sep record high C = 38.9
|Oct record high C = 36.8
|Nov record high C = 31.9
|Dec record high C = 24.3
|year record high C = 45.0
|Jan high C = 9.0
|Feb high C = 11.0
|Mar high C = 17.0
|Apr high C = 22.8
|May high C = 27.9
|Jun high C = 33.6
|Jul high C = 36.4
|Aug high C = 35.5
|Sep high C = 31.3
|Oct high C = 24.4
|Nov high C = 16.7
|Dec high C = 11.1
|year high C = 23.1
|Jan mean C = 3.1
|Feb mean C = 5.0
|Mar mean C = 10.5
|Apr mean C = 15.8
|May mean C = 20.1
|Jun mean C = 25.1
|Jul mean C = 27.4
|Aug mean C = 26.0
|Sep mean C = 21.2
|Oct mean C = 14.7
|Nov mean C = 9.0
|Dec mean C = 4.6
|year mean C = 15.2
|Jan low C = -0.9
|Feb low C = 0.5
|Mar low C = 5.5
|Apr low C = 10.1
|May low C = 13.4
|Jun low C = 17.2
|Jul low C = 18.9
|Aug low C = 17.2
|Sep low C = 12.7
|Oct low C = 7.8
|Nov low C = 3.8
|Dec low C = 0.4
|year low C = 8.9
|Jan record low C = −26.6
|Feb record low C = −17.6
|Mar record low C = −12.9
|Apr record low C = -6.1
|May record low C = 1.2
|Jun record low C = 8.4
|Jul record low C = 10.9
|Aug record low C = 8.2
|Sep record low C = -1.0
|Oct record low C = −4.4
|Nov record low C = −13.5
|Dec record low C = −19.5
|year record low C = −26.6
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 100
|Feb precipitation mm = 95
|Mar precipitation mm = 102
|Apr precipitation mm = 112
|May precipitation mm = 75
|Jun precipitation mm = 17
|Jul precipitation mm = 4
|Aug precipitation mm = 1
|Sep precipitation mm = 4
|Oct precipitation mm = 29
|Nov precipitation mm = 55
|Dec precipitation mm = 60
|year precipitation mm = 654
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 8.5
|Feb precipitation days = 9.1
|Mar precipitation days = 13.4
|Apr precipitation days = 9.8
|May precipitation days = 7.8
|Jun precipitation days = 1.5
|Jul precipitation days = 0.7
|Aug precipitation days = 0.1
|Sep precipitation days = 0.8
|Oct precipitation days = 3.7
|Nov precipitation days = 5.3
|Dec precipitation days = 8.1
|year precipitation days = 68.8
|Jan humidity = 69
|Feb humidity = 67
|Mar humidity = 65
|Apr humidity = 63
|May humidity = 57
|Jun humidity = 42
|Jul humidity = 41
|Aug humidity = 44
|Sep humidity = 44
|Oct humidity = 56
|Nov humidity = 63
|Dec humidity = 69
|year humidity = 57
|Jan sun = 120
|Feb sun = 121
|Mar sun = 156
|Apr sun = 198
|May sun = 281
|Jun sun = 337
|Jul sun = 352
|Aug sun = 338
|Sep sun = 289
|Oct sun = 224
|Nov sun = 164
|Dec sun = 119
|year sun = 2699
|source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net<ref name = PogodaDushanbe >{{cite web
| url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/38836.htm
| title = Weather and Climate-The Climate of Dushanbe
| publisher = Weather and Climate
| language = ru
| access-date = 28 October 2021
| archive-date = 29 October 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211029033404/http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/38836.htm
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
|source 2 = [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (humidity 1951–1993 and precipitation days 1961–1990)<ref name = dushanbeDWD>{{cite web
| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_388360_kt.pdf
| title = Klimatafel von Duschanbe / Tadschikistan
| work = Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world
| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst
| language = de
| access-date = 18 February 2016
| archive-date = 13 November 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211113104255/https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_388360_kt.pdf
| url-status = live
}}</ref> NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)<ref name= DushanbeNOAA>{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/TABLES/REG_II/TK/38836.TXT
| title = Dushanbe Climate Normals 1961–1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| access-date = 18 February 2016
| archive-date = 29 October 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211029033530/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/TABLES/REG_II/TK/38836.TXT
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
|date=August 2010
}}

{{Weather box
|location = Khujand (1961–1990, extremes 1936–present)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|width = auto
|collapsed = Yes 
|Jan record high C = 15.7
|Feb record high C = 22.1
|Mar record high C = 28.8
|Apr record high C = 36.5
|May record high C = 39.9
|Jun record high C = 43.5
|Jul record high C = 45.9
|Aug record high C = 43.8
|Sep record high C = 38.4
|Oct record high C = 33.8
|Nov record high C = 25.0
|Dec record high C = 21.1
|year record high C = 45.9
|Jan high C = 3.5
|Feb high C = 6.2
|Mar high C = 13.8
|Apr high C = 21.9
|May high C = 28.6
|Jun high C = 34.2
|Jul high C = 35.5
|Aug high C = 32.4
|Sep high C = 28.8
|Oct high C = 20.6
|Nov high C = 12.3
|Dec high C = 5.6
|year high C = 
|Jan mean C = -0.3
|Feb mean C = 1.7
|Mar mean C = 8.5
|Apr mean C = 16.2
|May mean C = 21.8
|Jun mean C = 26.9
|Jul mean C = 28.3
|Aug mean C = 26.1
|Sep mean C = 20.8
|Oct mean C = 13.9
|Nov mean C = 7.3
|Dec mean C = 2.0
|year mean C = 14.4
|Jan low C = -3.4
|Feb low C = -1.8
|Mar low C = 4.2
|Apr low C = 10.7
|May low C = 15.5
|Jun low C = 19.6
|Jul low C = 21.2
|Aug low C = 18.8
|Sep low C = 13.6
|Oct low C = 8.1
|Nov low C = 3.4
|Dec low C = -0.5
|year low C = 
|Jan record low C = -22.8
|Feb record low C = -22.2
|Mar record low C = -13.6
|Apr record low C = -3.9
|May record low C = 0.8
|Jun record low C = 8.7
|Jul record low C = 10.5
|Aug record low C = 7.0
|Sep record low C = 1.4
|Oct record low C = -6.8
|Nov record low C = -18.8
|Dec record low C = -20.0
|year record low C = -22.8
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 15.7
|Feb precipitation mm = 15.7
|Mar precipitation mm = 26.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 31.4
|May precipitation mm = 17.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 4.6
|Jul precipitation mm = 2.3
|Aug precipitation mm = 1.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 2.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 16.9
|Nov precipitation mm = 13.7
|Dec precipitation mm = 16.8
|year precipitation mm = 164.8
|Jan precipitation days = 11.4
|Feb precipitation days = 11.0
|Mar precipitation days = 12.7
|Apr precipitation days = 12.6
|May precipitation days = 12.0
|Jun precipitation days = 6.3
|Jul precipitation days = 4.1
|Aug precipitation days = 2.6
|Sep precipitation days = 3.2
|Oct precipitation days = 6.8
|Nov precipitation days = 7.4
|Dec precipitation days = 10.4
|year precipitation days = 
|Jan humidity = 77.8
|Feb humidity = 75.4
|Mar humidity = 64.0
|Apr humidity = 56.3
|May humidity = 48.7
|Jun humidity = 34.8
|Jul humidity = 33.8
|Aug humidity = 38.4
|Sep humidity = 43.3
|Oct humidity = 55.4
|Nov humidity = 75.2
|Dec humidity = 76.4
|Jan sun = 126
|Feb sun = 131
|Mar sun = 168
|Apr sun = 211
|May sun = 297
|Jun sun = 358
|Jul sun = 382
|Aug sun = 363
|Sep sun = 300
|Oct sun = 225
|Nov sun = 160
|Dec sun = 106
|year sun = 2827
|source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organisation]] (average high and low/precipitation/precipitation days 1961–1990)<ref name= WMOkhujand >{{cite web
| url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=910
| title = World Weather Information Service – Khujand
| access-date = 18 December 2019
| publisher = World Meteorological Organization
| archive-date = 20 January 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220120071636/http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=910
| url-status = live
}}</ref> [[NOAA]] (mean temperatures and sun 1961–1990)<ref name = NOAAkhujane>{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_II/RA/38599.TXT
| title = Leninbad (Khujand) Climate Normals 1961–1990
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = 18 December 2019
| archive-date = 25 January 2023
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230125191907/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_II/RA/38599.TXT
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
|source 2 = climatebase.ru (humidity),<ref name="climatebasekhujand">{{cite web|title=Leninabad, Tajikistan|url=http://climatebase.ru/station/38599/?lang=en|publisher=Climatebase.ru|access-date=30 January 2013|archive-date=14 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014034332/http://climatebase.ru/station/38599/?lang=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)<ref name = meteoclimatkhujand>{{cite web
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=1171
| title = Station Khudjand
| publisher = Meteo Climat
| language = fr
| access-date = 18 December 2019
| archive-date = 20 January 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220120231916/http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=1171
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
}}