Editing Genocide Convention (section)

=== Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group ''Article II(d)'' ===
{{See also|Compulsory sterilization}}
The fourth prohibited act is aimed at preventing the protected group from regenerating through [[Human reproduction|reproduction]]. It encompasses acts affecting reproduction and intimate relationships, such as [[involuntary sterilization]], [[forced abortion]], the prohibition of marriage, and long-term separation of men and women intended to prevent procreation.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last=Stanton |first=Gregory H. |title=What is genocide? |url=http://genocidewatch.net/genocide-2/what-is-genocide/ |publisher=[[Genocide Watch]] |author-link=Gregory Stanton |access-date=12 April 2016 |archive-date=15 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315170823/http://genocidewatch.net/genocide-2/what-is-genocide/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> Rape has been found to violate the fourth prohibited act on two bases: where the rape was committed with the intent to impregnate a woman and thereby force her to carry a child of another group (in societies where group identity is determined by [[Patrilineality|patrilineal]] identity) and where the person raped subsequently refuses to procreate as a result of the trauma.<ref>Prosecutor v. Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T, Judgment, 2 September 1998, para. 507.</ref> Accordingly, it can take into account both physical and mental measures imposed by the perpetrators.