Editing Gaza Strip (section)

===1967: Israeli occupation===
{{Main|Israeli occupation of the Gaza Strip}}
{{See also|Israeli Military Governorate|Israeli Civil Administration}}
In June 1967, during the Six-Day War, IDF captured Gaza. Under the then head of Israel's Southern Command [[Ariel Sharon]], dozens of Palestinians, suspected of being members of the resistance, were executed without trial.<ref>Adam Shatz,[https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v45/n21/adam-shatz/vengeful-pathologies Vengeful Pathologies,'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107065245/https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v45/n21/adam-shatz/vengeful-pathologies |date=7 November 2023 }} [[London Review of Books]] Vol. 45 No. 21 · 2 November 2023</ref>

Between 1967 and 1968, Israel evicted approximately 75,000 residents of the Gaza Strip who Golda Meir described as a "fifth column". In addition, at least 25,000 Gazan residents were prevented from returning after the 1967 war. Ultimately, the Strip lost 25% (a conservative estimate) of its prewar population between 1967 and 1968.<ref>Roy, S. M. (2016). The Gaza Strip: The Political Economy of De-development. United States: Institute for Palestine Studies USA, Incorporated.</ref> In 1970-1971 [[Ariel Sharon]] implemented what became known as a 'five finger' strategy, which consisted in creating military areas and settlements by breaking the Strip into five zones to better enable Israeli occupation, settlement and, by discontinuous fragmentation of the Palestinian zones created, allow an efficient management of the area. Thousands of homes were bulldozed and large numbers of Bedouin families were exiled to the Sinai.<ref>{{cite book |first=Ehud |last=Eiran |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YHoxEAAAQBAJ |title=Post-Colonial Settlement Strategy |publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]] |date=2019 |isbn=978-1-474-43759-2 |page=83}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first1=Fatina |last1=Abreek-Zubeidat |first2=Alona |last2=Nitzan–Shiftan |chapter="De-Camping" through Development: The Palestinian refugee Camps in the Gaza Strip under the Israeli Occupation |editor1-first=Claudio |editor1-last=Minca |editor2-first=Diana |editor2-last=Martin |editor3-first=Irit |editor3-last=Katz |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e-TaDwAAQBAJ&dq=sharon%2Bfive+fingers%2BGaza&pg=PA144 |title=Camps Revisited: Multifaceted Spatialities of a Modern Political Technology |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield Publishers]] |date=2018 |isbn=978-1-786-60580-1 |pages=137–158 [144]}}</ref><ref>[[Ramzy Baroud]], [https://www.jordantimes.com/opinion/ramzy-baroud/sharon-revisited-netanyahus-ultimate-aim-gaza-and-why-it-will-fail#google_vignette 'Sharon Revisited: Netanyahu’s Ultimate Aim in Gaza and Why It Will Fail,'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240705171921/https://www.jordantimes.com/opinion/ramzy-baroud/sharon-revisited-netanyahus-ultimate-aim-gaza-and-why-it-will-fail#google_vignette |date=5 July 2024 }} [[The Jordan Times]] 3 July 2024.</ref>

Between 1973 (after the [[Yom Kippur War]]) and 1987, official policy on economic development in the Gaza Strip remained the same as in 1969 with limited local investment and economic opportunity coming primarily from employment in Israel.<ref name=":7" />
[[File:Gaza Strip (997009324715105171.jpg|thumb|Gaza City in 1967]]
According to [[Tom Segev]], moving the Palestinians out of the country had been a persistent element of Zionist thinking from early times.<ref name="TSegev">[[Tom Segev]] [https://books.google.com/books?id=ggLatcD7gW4C&pg=PA532 1967: ''Israel, the War, and the Year that Transformed the Middle East,''] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102100701/https://books.google.com/books?id=ggLatcD7gW4C&pg=PA532 |date=2 November 2022 }} [[Henry Holt and Company]], 2007 p.532</ref> In December 1967, during a meeting at which the [[Security Cabinet of Israel|Security Cabinet]] [[brainstorming|brainstormed]] about what to do with the Arab population of the newly occupied territories, one of the suggestions Prime Minister [[Levi Eshkol]] proffered regarding Gaza was that the people might leave if Israel restricted their access to water supplies.<ref>{{cite news |first=Ofer |last=Aderet |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-israeli-pm-in-67-we-ll-deprive-gaza-of-water-and-the-arabs-will-leave-1.5465942 |title=Israeli Prime Minister After Six-Day War: 'We'll Deprive Gaza of Water, and the Arabs Will Leave |newspaper=[[Haaretz]] |date=17 November 2017 |access-date=19 September 2018 |archive-date=19 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919033849/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-israeli-pm-in-67-we-ll-deprive-gaza-of-water-and-the-arabs-will-leave-1.5465942 |url-status=live }}</ref> A number of measures, including financial incentives, were taken shortly afterwards to begin to encourage Gazans to emigrate elsewhere.<ref name="TSegev" /><ref>[[Nur Masalha]], ''The politics of denial: Israel and the Palestinian refugee problem.'' Pluto Press, 2003 p.104.</ref> Following the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, "various international agencies struggled to respond" and [[American Near East Refugee Aid]] was founded to help victims of the conflict by providing immediate emergency relief.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Anera {{!}} Palestinian Refugee Aid Organization |url=https://www.anera.org/who-we-are/ |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Anera |language=en-US |archive-date=8 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708032420/https://www.anera.org/who-we-are/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Dan Hadani collection (990044372600205171).jpg|thumb|Israeli soldiers in Gaza in 1969]]
Subsequent to this military victory, Israel created the first [[Israeli settlement]] bloc in the Strip, [[Gush Katif]], in the southwest corner near [[Rafah]] and the Egyptian border on a spot where a [[Kfar Darom|small kibbutz]] had previously existed for 18 months between 1946 and 1948. The kibbutz community had been established as part of the [[Jewish Agency for Israel|Jewish Agency's]] "[[11 points in the Negev]]" plan, in which 11 Jewish villages were built across the Negev in a single night as a response to the [[Morrison-Grady Plan]], which threatened to exclude the Negev from a future Jewish State. In total, between 1967 and 2005, Israel established 21 settlements in Gaza, comprising 20% of the total territory.
The [[Gross national product|economic growth rate]] from 1967 to 1982 averaged roughly 9.7 percent per annum, due in good part to expanded income from work opportunities inside Israel, which had a major utility for the latter by supplying the country with a large unskilled and semi-skilled workforce. Gaza's agricultural sector was adversely affected as one-third of the Strip was appropriated by Israel, competition for scarce water resources stiffened, and the lucrative cultivation of citrus declined with the advent of Israeli policies, such as prohibitions on planting new trees and taxation that gave breaks to Israeli producers, factors which militated against growth. Gaza's direct exports of these products to Western markets, as opposed to Arab markets, was prohibited except through Israeli marketing vehicles, in order to assist Israeli citrus exports to the same markets. The overall result was that large numbers of farmers were forced out of the agricultural sector. Israel placed quotas on all goods exported from Gaza, while abolishing restrictions on the flow of Israeli goods into the Strip. [[Sara Roy]] characterised the pattern as one of structural de-development.<ref name=":7">[[Sara Roy]], [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2536651 'The Gaza Strip: A Case of Economic De-Development,'] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122195620/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2536651 |date=22 January 2019 }} [[Journal of Palestine Studies]], Vol. 17, No. 1 (Autumn, 1987), pp. 56–88.</ref>

On 26 March 1979, Israel and Egypt signed the [[Egypt–Israel peace treaty]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Israel's Fateful Hour |url=https://archive.org/details/israelsfatefulho00hark |url-access=registration |publisher=Harper & Row Publishers |location=New York |author=Harkabi, Yehoshafat |year=1988 |isbn=9780060916138}} p. 87.</ref> Among other things, the treaty provided for the withdrawal by Israel of its armed forces and civilians from the Sinai Peninsula, which Israel had captured during the Six-Day War. The Egyptians agreed to keep the Sinai Peninsula demilitarized. The final status of the Gaza Strip, and other relations between Israel and Palestinians, was not dealt with in the treaty. Egypt renounced all territorial claims to territory north of the international border. The Gaza Strip remained under Israeli military administration. The Israeli military became responsible for the maintenance of civil facilities and services.

After the 1979 Egypt–Israel peace treaty, a 100-meter-wide buffer zone between Gaza and Egypt known as the [[Philadelphi Route]] was established. The international border along the [[Philadelphi corridor]] between Egypt and Gaza is {{convert|11|km|mi|0|abbr=off}} long.