Editing Garage rock (section)

===Frat rock and initial commercial success===
{{listen|pos=right
|filename=Louie Louie - Kingsmen.ogg|title=The Kingsmen – "Louie, Louie" (1963)
|description= "[[Louie, Louie]]" was written by [[Richard Berry (musician)|Richard Berry]] and provided a major hit for [[the Kingsmen]].{{sfn|Pareles|1997}} }}

As a result of cross-pollination between surf rock, hot rod music, and other influences, a new style of rock sometimes referred to as ''frat rock'' emerged, which has been mentioned as an early subgenre of garage rock.{{sfnm|1a1=Markesich|1y=2012|1pp=10–12|2a1=Shaw|2y=1998|2pp=18–19}}  [[The Kingsmen]]'s 1963 off-the-cuff version of "Louie Louie"<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/25/arts/richard-berry-songwriter-of-louie-louie-dies-at-61.html Songwriter of Louie Louie dies ] Retrieved 07 April 2022</ref> became the de facto "big bang" for three-chord rock, starting as a regional hit in Seattle, then rising to No.&nbsp;1 on the national charts and eventually becoming a major success overseas.{{sfnm|1a1=Bangs|1y=1981|1pp=261–264|2a1=Blecha|2y=2009|2pp=119, 135–138}}  The group unwittingly became the target of an [[FBI]] investigation in response to complaints about the song's alleged use of profanity in its nearly indecipherable lyrics.{{sfn|Blecha|2009|pp=133–138, 151–155}}

Though often associated with Pacific Northwest acts such as the Kingsmen, frat rock also thrived elsewhere.{{sfn|Shaw|1998|pp=18–19}}{{sfn|Sabin|1999|p=159}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Frat Rock|website=AllMusic|url=http://www.allmusic.com/subgenre/frat-rock-ma0000012307|access-date=July 12, 2015|archive-date=September 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915103642/http://www.allmusic.com/subgenre/frat-rock-ma0000012307|url-status=live}}</ref>  In 1963, singles by several regional bands from other parts of the United States began appearing on the national charts, including "[[Surfin' Bird]]" by [[the Trashmen]] from Minneapolis,{{sfn|Austen|2005|p=19}}<ref>{{cite web|last=Unterberger|first=Richie|author-link=Richie Unterberger|title=The Trashmen|website=AllMusic|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-astronauts-p15514/biography|access-date=July 17, 2016|archive-date=November 12, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101112180104/http://allmusic.com/artist/the-astronauts-p15514/biography|url-status=live}}</ref> which essentially fused together parts from two songs previously recorded by [[the Rivingtons]], "[[Surfin' Bird|The Bird is the Word]]" and "[[Papa Oom Mow Mow]]".{{sfn|Markesich|2012|p=10}}  "[[California Sun]]" by [[the Rivieras]], from South Bend, Indiana followed, becoming a hit in early 1964.{{sfn|Waksman|2009|p=116}}  Frat rock persisted into the mid-1960s with acts such as [[the Swingin' Medallions]], who had a top twenty hit with "[[Double Shot (Of My Baby's Love)]]" in 1966.<ref name="Swing. Med. (Hamilton)">{{cite web |last1=Hamilton |first1=Andrew |title=The Swingin' Medallions |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-swingin-medallions-mn0000037645/biography |website=AllMusic |access-date=December 15, 2019 |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215074008/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-swingin-medallions-mn0000037645/biography |url-status=live }}</ref>