Editing Gamma-ray burst (section)

===Short bursts and other observations===
New developments since the 2000s include the recognition of short gamma-ray bursts as a separate class (likely from merging neutron stars and not associated with supernovae), the discovery of extended, erratic flaring activity at X-ray wavelengths lasting for many minutes after most GRBs, and the discovery of the most luminous {{nowrap|([[GRB 080319B]])}} and the former most distant {{nowrap|([[GRB 090423]])}} emissive sources in the universe.<ref name="Bloom">[[#Bloom|Bloom 2009]]</ref><ref>[[#090423|Reddy 2009]]</ref> Prior to a flurry of discoveries from the [[James Webb Space Telescope]], the presumptive source of {{nowrap|[[GRB 090429B]]}} was the most distant known object in the universe.

In October 2018, astronomers reported that {{nowrap|GRB 150101B}} (detected in 2015) and [[GW170817]], a [[gravitational wave]] event detected in 2017 (which has been associated with {{nowrap|GRB 170817A}}, a burst detected 1.7 seconds later), may have been produced by the same mechanism—the [[Neutron star merger|merger]] of two [[neutron star]]s. The similarities between the two events, in terms of [[gamma ray]], [[optical]], and [[x-ray]] emissions, as well as to the nature of the associated host [[Galaxy|galaxies]], were considered "striking", suggesting the two separate events may both be the result of the merger of neutron stars, and both may be a [[kilonova]], which may be more common in the universe than previously understood, according to the researchers.<ref name="EA-20181016">{{cite press release |author=University of Maryland |title=All in the family: Kin of gravitational wave source discovered – New observations suggest that kilonovae – immense cosmic explosions that produce silver, gold and platinum – may be more common than thought |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-10/uom-ait101518.php |date=16 October 2018 |work=[[EurekAlert!]] |access-date=17 October 2018 |author-link=University of Maryland |archive-date=16 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016142323/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-10/uom-ait101518.php |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="NC-20181016">{{cite journal |author=Troja, E.|display-authors=etal |title=A luminous blue kilonova and an off-axis jet from a compact binary merger at z = 0.1341 |date=16 October 2018 |journal=[[Nature Communications]] |volume=9 |pages=4089 |number=4089 (2018) |doi=10.1038/s41467-018-06558-7 |pmid=30327476 |pmc=6191439 |arxiv=1806.10624 |bibcode=2018NatCo...9.4089T }}</ref><ref name="NASA-20181016">{{cite news |last=Mohon |first=Lee |title=GRB 150101B: A Distant Cousin to GW170817 |url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/images/grb-150101b-a-distant-cousin-to-gw170817.html |date=16 October 2018 |work=[[NASA]] |access-date=17 October 2018 }}</ref><ref name="SPC-20181017">{{cite web |last=Wall |first=Mike |title=Powerful Cosmic Flash Is Likely Another Neutron-Star Merger |url=https://www.space.com/42158-another-neutron-star-crash-detected.html |date=17 October 2018 |work=[[Space.com]] |access-date=17 October 2018 }}</ref>

The highest energy light observed from a gamma-ray burst was one [[Electronvolt|teraelectronvolt]], from {{nowrap|[[GRB 190114C]]}} in 2019.<ref name="NAT-20191120">{{cite journal |author=Veres, P |s2cid=208191199 |display-authors=et al. |title=Observation of inverse Compton emission from a long γ-ray burst |date=20 November 2019 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=575 |issue=7783 |pages=459–463 |doi=10.1038/s41586-019-1754-6 |pmid=31748725 |arxiv=2006.07251 |bibcode=2019Natur.575..459M }}</ref> Although enormous for such a distant event, this energy is around 3 orders of magnitude lower than the highest energy light observed from closer gamma ray sources within our [[Milky Way]] galaxy, for example a 2021 event of 1.4 petaelectronvolts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-21 |title=Record-breaking light has more than a quadrillion electron volts of energy |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/light-energy-record-gamma-ray |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=Science News |first=Emily |last=Conover |language=en-US}}</ref>