Editing Gambling (section)

==Regulation==

[[File:Gamblers in the Ship of Fools, 1494.jpg|thumb|Gamblers in the [[Ship of Fools (satire)|Ship of Fools]], 1494]]
[[File:Cornelis de Vos - Players and courtesans under a tent.jpg|right|thumb|"Players and courtesans under a tent" by [[Cornelis de Vos]]]]

{{main|Gambling law}}
Many jurisdictions, local as well as national, either ban gambling or heavily control it by licensing the vendors. Such regulation generally leads to gambling tourism and illegal gambling in the areas where it is not allowed. The involvement of governments, through regulation and taxation, has led to a close connection between many governments and gambling organizations, where legal gambling provides significant government revenue, such as in [[Monaco]] and [[Macau]], China.

There is generally legislation requiring that gambling devices be [[statistical randomness|statistically random]], to prevent manufacturers from making some high-payoff results impossible. Since these high payoffs have very low [[probability]], a house bias can quite easily be missed unless the devices are checked carefully.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gaming.nv.gov/|title=Nevada Gaming Control Board : Home|access-date=5 September 2016|archive-date=1 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160901072712/http://gaming.nv.gov/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Most jurisdictions that allow gambling require participants to be above a certain age. In some jurisdictions, the [[gambling age]] differs depending on the type of gambling. For example, in many American states one must be over 21 to enter a casino, but may buy a lottery ticket after turning 18.<ref name="ncbi_NBK230619">{{cite book |last= Rose |first= I. Nelson |date= 1999 |title=Pathological Gambling: A Critical Review |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK230619/ |location=Washington, D.C., USA |publisher=National Academies Press|isbn= 9780309065719}}</ref>
===Insurance===
Because contracts of [[insurance]] have many features in common with wagers, insurance contracts are often distinguished in law as agreements in which either party has an interest in the "bet-upon" outcome ''beyond'' the specific financial terms; for example, a "bet" with an insurer on whether one's house will burn down is not gambling, but rather ''insurance'', as the homeowner has an obvious interest in the continued existence of the home ''independent of'' the purely financial aspects of the "bet" (i.e., the insurance policy). Nonetheless, both insurance and gambling contracts are typically considered [[aleatory contract]]s under most legal systems, though they are subject to different types of regulation.

===Asset recovery===
Under [[common law]], particularly [[English Law]] ([[English unjust enrichment]]), a gambling contract may not give a casino [[bona fide purchaser|''bona fide'' purchaser]] status, permitting the recovery of stolen funds in some situations. In ''[[Lipkin Gorman v Karpnale Ltd]]'', where a solicitor used stolen funds to gamble at a casino, the [[House of Lords]] overruled the High Court's previous verdict, adjudicating that the casino return the stolen funds less those subject to any [[change of position]] defence. U.S. Law precedents are somewhat similar.<ref>See 38 Am. Jur. 2d ''Gambling'' § 162.</ref> For [[case law]] on recovery of gambling losses where the loser had stolen the funds see "Rights of owner of stolen money as against one who won it in gambling transaction from thief".<ref>Annotation, 44 A.L.R.2d 1242.</ref>

An interesting question is what happens when the person trying to make recovery is the gambler's spouse, and the money or property lost was either the spouse's, or was [[community property]]. This was a minor plot point in a [[Perry Mason bibliography|Perry Mason]] novel, ''The Case of the Singing Skirt'', and it cites an actual case ''Novo v. Hotel Del Rio''.<ref>141 Cal. 2d 304, 295 P.2d 576 (3d Dist. 1956) (wife entitled to recover husband's gambling losses on the ground that he had made a gift of community property without her written consent); see also 38 Am. Jur. 2d ''Gambling'' § 175 (statutory provisions allowing third parties to recover gambling losses).</ref>