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===Phylogeny=== A [[cladogram]] showing the relationships of the different [[Family (biology)|families]] of frogs in the clade Anura can be seen in the table below. This diagram, in the form of a [[Phylogenetic tree|tree]], shows how each frog family is related to other families, with each node representing a point of common ancestry. It is based on Frost ''et al.'' (2006),<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Frost | first1 = D. R. | last2 = Grant | first2 = T. | last3 = Faivovich | first3 = J. N. | last4 = Bain | first4 = R. H. | last5 = Haas | first5 = A. | last6 = Haddad | first6 = C. L. F. B. | last7 = De SΓ‘ | first7 = R. O. | last8 = Channing | first8 = A. | last9 = Wilkinson | first9 = M. | last10 = Donnellan | first10 = S. C. | last11 = Raxworthy | first11 = C. J. | last12 = Campbell | first12 = J. A. | last13 = Blotto | first13 = B. L. | last14 = Moler | first14 = P. | last15 = Drewes | first15 = R. C. | last16 = Nussbaum | first16 = R. A. | last17 = Lynch | first17 = J. D. | last18 = Green | first18 = D. M. | last19 = Wheeler | first19 = W. C. | title = The Amphibian Tree of Life | journal = Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History | volume = 297 | pages = 1β291| year = 2006 | doi = 10.1206/0003-0090(2006)297[0001:TATOL]2.0.CO;2 | hdl = 2246/5781| s2cid = 86140137 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Heinicke ''et al.'' (2009)<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Heinicke M. P. |author2=Duellman, W. E. |author3=Trueb, L. |author-link3=Linda Trueb |author4=Means, D. B. |author5=MacCulloch, R. D. |author6=Hedges, S. B. | year = 2009 | title = A new frog family (Anura: Terrarana) from South America and an expanded direct-developing clade revealed by molecular phylogeny | url = http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2009/f/z02211p035f.pdf | journal= Zootaxa | volume = 2211 | pages = 1β35 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.2211.1.1 }}</ref> and Pyron and Wiens (2011).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=R. Alexander Pyron |author2=John J. Wiens | year = 2011 | title= A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 61 | issue = 2 | pages = 543β583 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2011.06.012| pmid = 21723399 | doi-access = free |bibcode=2011MolPE..61..543A }}</ref> {{clade| style=font-size:80%;line-height:100% |label1='''Anura''' |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |1=[[Leiopelmatidae]] |2=[[Ascaphidae]] }} |label2=[[Bombianura]] |2={{clade |label1=[[Costata]] |1={{clade |1=[[Bombinatoridae]] |label2= |2={{clade |1=[[Alytidae]] |2=[[Discoglossidae]] }} }} |label2=[[Pipanura]] |2={{clade |label1=[[Xenoanura]] |1={{clade |1=[[Pipidae]] |2=[[Rhinophrynidae]] }} |label2=[[Acosmanura]] |2={{clade |label1=[[Anomocoela]] |1={{clade |1=[[Scaphiopodidae]] |2={{clade |1=[[Pelodytidae]] |label2=[[Pelobatoidea]] |2={{clade |1=[[Pelobatidae]] |2=[[Megophryidae]] }} }} }} |label2=[[Neobatrachia]] |2=NEOBATRACHIA }} }} }} }} <!----- The main frog cladogram has three subtrees: NEOBATRACHIA, HYLOIDEA, RANO-------------------> |targetA=NEOBATRACHIA |subcladeA={{clade |1=[[Heleophrynidae]] |label2=[[Phthanobatrachia]] |2={{clade |1={{clade <!--dummy clade for reduced horizontal spacing--> |label1=[[Sooglossoidea]] |1={{clade |1=[[Sooglossidae]] |2=[[Nasikabatrachidae]] }} }} |label2= |2={{clade |label1=[[Notogaeanura]] |1={{clade |label1=[[Australobatrachia]] |1={{clade |1=[[Calyptocephalellidae]] |label2= |2={{clade |1=[[Myobatrachidae]] |2=[[Limnodynastidae]] }} }} |label2=[[Nobleoanura]] |2=HYLOIDEA }} |label2=[[Ranoidea|Ranoides]] |2=RANOIDEA }} }} }} <!-- end NEOBATRACHIA subtree--> |targetB=HYLOIDEA |subcladeB={{clade |1={{clade <!--dummy clade for reduced horizontal spacing--> |label1=[[Brachycephaloidea]] |sublabel1=([[Terrarana]]) |1={{clade |1=[[Ceuthomantidae]] |label2= |2={{clade |1=[[Brachycephalidae]] |label2= |2={{clade |1=[[Eleutherodactylidae]] |2=[[Craugastoridae]] }} }} }} }} |2={{clade |1=[[Hemiphractidae]] |label2=[[Athesphatanura]] |2={{clade |1=[[Hylidae]] |label2=[[Leptodactyliformes]] |2={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |1={{clade <!--dummy clade for reduced horizontal spacing--> |label1=[[Agastorophrynia]] |1={{clade |1=[[Bufonidae]] |2={{clade |1=[[Aromobatidae]] |2=[[Dendrobatidae]] }} }} }} |2={{clade |1={{clade <!--dummy clade for reduced horizontal spacing--> |label1=[[Diphyabatracea]] |1={{clade |1=[[Leptodactylidae]] |2={{clade |1=[[Allophrynidae]] |2=[[Centrolenidae]] }} }} }} |2={{clade |1=[[Ceratophryidae]] |2={{clade |1=[[Odontophrynidae]] |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Cycloramphidae]] |2={{clade |1=[[Alsodidae]] |2=[[Hylodidae]] }} }} |2={{clade |1=[[Telmatobiidae]] |2={{clade |1=[[Batrachylidae]] |2=[[Rhinodermatidae]] }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} <!-- end HYLOIDEA subtree--> |targetC=RANOIDEA |subcladeC={{clade |label1=[[Allodapanura]] |1={{clade |1=[[Microhylidae]] |label2=Afrobatrachia |2={{clade |label1=[[Xenosyneunitanura]] |1={{clade |1=[[Brevicipitidae]] |2=[[Hemisotidae]] }} |label2=[[Laurentobatrachia]] |2={{clade |1=[[Hyperoliidae]] |2=[[Arthroleptidae]] }} }} }} |label2=[[Natatanura]] |2={{clade |1=[[Ptychadenidae]] |label2=[[Victoranura]] |2={{clade |1=[[Micrixalidae]] |2={{clade |1=[[Phrynobatrachidae]] |2={{clade |1=[[Conrauidae]] |2={{clade |1={{clade <!--dummy clade for reduced horizontal spacing--> |label1=[[Pyxicephaloidea]] |1={{clade |1=[[Petropedetidae]] |2=[[Pyxicephalidae]] }} }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Nyctibatrachidae]] |2=[[Ceratobatrachidae]] }} |label2=[[Saukrobatrachia]] |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Ranixalidae]] |2=[[Dicroglossidae]] }} |label2=[[Aglaioanura]] |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Rhacophoridae]] |2=[[Mantellidae]] }} |2=[[Ranidae]] }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} <!-- end RANOIDEA subtree--> }}
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